The Sudan Khartoum's confidence in its growing chemical warfare capabilities came to light in mid November 1997, when Sudan was reported to have formally threatened Uganda with strikes with chemical weapons if it continued to support the Southern rebels. This warning came despite Kampala's previous denials of cooperation with the Sudanese rebels and Khartoum's adamant denials of CW capabilities or use.
Syria Syria has a mature chemical weapons program, begun in the 1970s, incorporating nerve agents, such as sarin, which have completed the weaponization cycle. Future activity will likely focus on CW infrastructure enhancements for agent production and storage, as well as possible research and development of advanced nerve agents. Munitions available for CW agent delivery likely include aerial bombs as well as SCUD missile warheads. Syria has not signed the CWC and is unlikely to do so in the near future. Syria has been producing chemical warfare agents and munitions since the mid-1980's. While the Syrian program was "quite closely held," former CIA Director William Webster told a Congressional panel in 1989 that the CIA had determined foreign assistance was of "critical importance in allowing Syria to develop its chemical warfare capability. West European firms were instrumental in supplying the required precursor chemicals and equipment. Without the provision of these key elements, Damascus would not have been able to produce chemical weapons".
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