This is good news, but it's a drop in the bucket. The NIH total budget is ~$30B, so this is a tiny increase against a background of stagnation in funding levels, which because of inflation, translates as cuts. The general consensus is that for the coming FY, NIH will be cut by 5%. Even if it stays at current levels, US science will continue to be decimated. The bottom line for researchers is the cutoff percentile at which research is funded. Right now it's at about 12%. An explicit directive for NIH is to protect new researchers; an implicit policy is to sustain research at elite institutions and/or cronies, when you factor these 2 elements in, you're left with something closer to a 6% cutoff for everybody else.
If you talk to people who sit on NIH study sections, the task is an impossible one: the committee is given 50 grants to review, and 3 are funded. Every review cycle, study section participants report that multiple excellent proposals weren't funded because of lack of funds.
Another way of looking at this is that $50M have been added to NIH's funds. This will support 50 small research grants that will fund 50 researchers for 4 years. Leaving aside other branches of biomedical research, the Society for Neuroscience has 41,000 members. Conservatively, a third are PIs competing for NIH funds. So there are ~14,000 neuroscientists competing for the fraction of NIH dollars going to neuroscientists, 50 more of whom now will get funded.
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