Oppenheimer: Suitcase of cash shows Chavez's narcissist-Leninist ways Andres Oppenheimer Article Last Updated: 08/17/2007 08:17:08 PM MDT
After years of speculation that Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has used petrodollars to finance presidential candidates or support loyalists in Latin America, the latest political scandal surrounding a suitcase with nearly $800,000 in cash seized at the Argentine capital's airport speaks for itself. You may remember that in the most recent elections in Bolivia, Ecuador and Nicaragua, among other countries, there were widespread opposition claims that pro-Chavez candidates had received suitcases filled with cash from Venezuela's state-owned PDVSA oil company, courtesy of that country's narcissist-Leninist leader. The pro-Chavez winners of these elections have repeatedly dismissed such claims as U.S. imperialist lies. But the case of Guido Alejandro Antonini Wilson, the Venezuelan businessman traveling with a PDVSA delegation to Argentina on Aug. 4, is the clearest illustration I have seen of some of the obscure ways in which Venezuela is trying to influence other countries' political life, and about how it spreads its massive corruption to countries in the region. Consider: Antonini, a Miami-based Venezuelan with close ties to the Chavez government, was detained at the Buenos Aires airport as he arrived on a plane chartered by ENARSA, Argentina's state-owned oil and gas company created by President Nestor Kirchner three years ago. Aboard the plane, which landed two days before an
official visit by Chavez, were several Argentine government officials and Venezuela's PDVSA officials. Also aboard were Daniel Uzcategui, the son of a high-level PDVSA official, and Antonini. Argentina's daily Clarin and well-placed former U.S. officials say there was another passenger on the plane who didn't appear in flight documents: Venezuelan national guard Lt. Col. Julio Cesar Avilan Diaz, a member of Chavez's entourage whose wife is a high-ranking Venezuelan customs official. It's unclear whether Antonini was the real bagman or was asked by someone else on the plane to act as the fall guy. He left the $800,000 at the airport, without filing a report to reclaim the cash, and flew to Uruguay on Aug. 7. A foreign diplomat in Uruguay told me that Uruguayan intelligence officials believe Antonini left the country later that day aboard Chavez's presidential plane. Chavez visited Uruguay after leaving Argentina. What's even more interesting is that Antonini made at least five trips to Argentina from Venezuela and Uruguay over the past year and a half, according to Argentina's daily La Nacion. On Sept. 28, 2006, Antonini arrived in Argentina as part of a Venezuelan delegation led by Gov. Johnny Yanez Rangel, the Chavez-backed governor of Cojedes state. Antonini also visited Uruguay on at least four occasions last year, according to Uruguay's Radio El Espectador. On a recent visit, Antonini was accompanied by Uzcategui, and their hotel reservations in Uruguay were made by PDVSA, La Nacion reported. As Norman Bailey, former head of Venezuelan and Cuban affairs with the Bush administration's Office of National Intelligence, told me when I asked him about the case, either Antonini ''was taking tango lessons or he's a bagman.'' Predictably, Venezuelan Foreign Minister Nicolas Maduro blamed the whole incident on a ''conspiracy'' schemed by ''North American imperialism.'' And Luis D'Elia, a former Kirchner official whose leftist group is rumored to be financed by Chavez, said that ''the bagman was planted by the CIA'' to hurt the Kirchner-Chavez relationship. My opinion: The money could have been intended for the campaign of first lady Cristina Kirchner or for pro-Chavez groups such as D'Elia's, or may be a kickback to Argentine government officials for a business deal. Either way, if it had been clean, it would have been done by wire transfer. Most likely, ''suitcase-gate'' will not escalate into a Kirchner-Chavez diplomatic conflict: Argentina is too financially dependent on Venezuela to risk a fight. And Argentina's customs officials have - intentionally or not - made enough technical mistakes to make any Argentine or U.S. prosecution against Antonini very difficult. I'm told that Antonini didn't sign a customs declaration, which could presumably allow him to deny any wrongdoing. But if there was any question that Chavez has used PDVSA to finance foreign political campaigns, bankroll pro-Chavez groups abroad or bribe foreign officials with bags of cash, the suitcase case should lay it to rest. P.S.: I'm not surprised that Chavez chose to announce his plan to rewrite the constitution to allow him to become president for life. While the announcement was long expected, he probably anticipated it to divert attention from the suitcase scandal.
The Epic Struggle of Indigenous Andean / Amazonian Cultures
Nuestra Cultura
By HUGO BLANCO August 16, 2007
Over the course of more than 10,000 years, the rich biodiversity of the Andes-Amazon region has created a culture that is closely interlocked with Pachamama (Mother Nature). This culture is marked by deep knowledge of nature and is highly agricultural. Ours is one of the seven zones of the world to have originated agriculture. It has yielded the greatest variety of domesticated species. This has given rise to a cosmic vision different from the Western outlook that views the creator as a superior immaterial spirit who created man in his image and likeness and created nature to serve him. For the indigenous cosmic vision, humanity is a daughter of and part of Mother Earth. We must live in her bosom in harmony with her. Each hill or peak, each river, each vegetable or animal species has a spirit.
Indigenous, collectivist mentality is strong enough to have endured solidly through 500 years of invasion and the dictatorship of individualism.
The Quechua and Aymara name for the campesino community is ayllu. It is bound by strong ties, many expressed in work (ayni, mink'a, faena) and in all aspects of life. The community is not restricted to persons. It entails a close communal relationship with cultivated species, with medicinal species, with animals and plants that tell cultivators about seasonal variations, and, more broadly, with all animal and vegetable species, with rain, and with the land.
The development of agriculture and tending of livestock, which in other latitudes led to slavery and feudalism, led in Abya Yala (the Americas) to new forms of collectivism. In the Andes zone it led to a state that extended over the territories of six present-day countries Tawantinsuyo (called "empire" by the invaders out of the same ignorance that led them to call the llama "big sheep.")
It's true that the new forms of collectivism gave rise to privileged castes and wars of conquest. But in no part of the continent was production based on slave labor or the feudal system.
For more than 10,000 years our culture domesticated 182 plant species, including around 3,500 potato varieties.
Our people know 4,500 medicinal plants.
Tawantinsuyos planned agriculture based on a system of watersheds and micro watersheds or basins.
They built long aqueducts, taking care to avoid land erosion.
Terracing was practiced on the slopes and "waru-waru" in the altiplano (highlands).
Special technologies were used from zone to zone.
Across the entire Tawantinsuyo territory they created storage buildings (qolqa) to supply food to the population whenever some climatic shift undermined agriculture.
Although there were privileged castes, hunger and misery did not exist. Orphans, persons with disabilities, and the elderly were cared for by the community.
The invasion
The backbone of this social organization, of the agricultural infrastructure and food reserves, was crushed by the invasion.
Europe was then passing from feudalism to capitalism. The invasion was a capitalist action. They came looking for spices, believing they had reached India. They found none, but did find gold and silver.
Mining had existed as a marginal activity, but it now became the center of the economy. To exploit the mines they used a system worse than slavery. The slave owner is concerned about the health of his slave just as he's interested in the health of his donkey. The mine owner in Peru received annually a certain quantity of indigenous people in order to "indoctrinate" them. Regardless of how many of them died, the next year he would receive the same number. Hence, youth and adults were sent into the mines and never left until they died. Because of this, young indigenous people committed suicide and mothers killed their children to free them from torment. This practice diminished following the Tupac Amaru rebellion.
Agricultural work took place through a feudal system. The Europeans took the best lands from the community and converted them into latifundios (huge estates or latifundia). Community inhabitants became serfs on their own lands. They had to work freely for the feudal lord in exchange for permission to cultivate a small plot for their own needs.
For many reasons a huge decline in agriculture took place:
-- Canals, terracing, and waru-warus were destroyed because of ignorance and lack of care.
-- Until this day no planning in terms of watersheds and micro watersheds has been carried out. Chaos took hold and persists.
-- With the importation of foreign domestic animals to the zone, the environment deteriorated. The auquenidos (camelid) cut pasture grass with their teeth, but cows, horses, and sheep uproot it.
The invaders vented their superstitions on our crops. Our agricultural mentality didn't suit their cultured ways. So the "exterminators of idolaters" went after plants like the papa, also known as Santa Padre (Holy Father). They renamed it patata, the word used in Spain. This passed into English and other languages as "potato." They also damned kiwicha or amaranto (amaranth).The coca plant, which the famous doctor Hipólito Unanue called the "supertonic of the vegetable kingdom," is to this day the target of superstition and excessively harmful prejudice in "refined" circles.
The invaders pillaged the food stockpiles located across the territory to cope with times of hunger brought on by climatic irregularities.
Taking their behavior as a whole, we find that European imposition of hunger and misery -- their cultural contribution -- was even more deadly than their massacres and the smallpox they spread among us.
Rebellions and republic
From the beginning, our people rebelled against the invaders. Numerous insurrections took place, beginning with Tupac Amaru II's rebellion. It spread all the way to Bolivia and lasted even after his cruel torture and assassination.
Later the so-called Revolución de la Independencía took place. It did not signify any noticeable change for the indigenous population.
The generals of "independence" were awarded "haciendas" (the new name for the feudal latifundia), "Indians" and all.
The hacienda system consisted basically of the free labor of the colono (serf) for the hacienda. There were other aspects to this serfdom.
The colono had to turn over some of his animals that grazed on natural pastures to the master. He made long treks with pack mules burdened with hacienda produce. They lasted days and he had to sleep out in the open. The owner mistreated him physically and morally. He could jail him and rape the women. The serf's children did not go to school either because they had to work, or there were no schools, or the master forbade it.
Our land struggle in the 1960s
The hacienda feudal system lasted until the second half of the last century.
The spread of capitalism to the countryside weakened it in many ways:
-- New large-scale mining absorbed labor from the haciendas.
-- New mechanized latifundia expelled the serfs and employed an agricultural proletariat.
-- New high-priced crops required more labor time, pressing the hacienda owner to demand more work from his serfs and to expel them in order to take over their plots. The serfs, on the other hand, needed more time for their own labors and resisted the theft of their plots.
We organized ourselves to struggle against the new outrages. Given the intransigence of the landlords, the struggle became a fight for possession of the land.
Our defensive action not only set us against the landlords but also against the government which defended the feudal system.
In over 100 haciendas we refused to work for the landlords. But we continued to work our own plots. This was in practice an agrarian reform. The government repressed us with arms and we defended ourselves with arms. The military government of the day crushed the armed self-defense; but it took note that it would be impossible to re-implant feudal serfdom. It opted to pass an agrarian reform law - only in this zone - legalizing campesino possession of the land. But indigenous campesinos in other zones of the country rebelled and took over haciendas. This was violently repressed, but could not be effectively contained. Hence, a subsequent reformist military government felt obliged to decree an agrarian reform at the national level.
In this way, we took advantage of capitalism's weakening of the feudal system to take over the land. In this same epoch the Brazilian campesino movement was shattered. Capitalism triumphed there. Its victims are now struggling courageously in the "Landless Workers' Movement."
For this reason Peru is, with the likely exception of Cuba, the country of the continent with the greatest proportion of landowners, either of communal or private plots.
Some campesinos from the epoch of struggle for the land feel the qualitative change. "Now we are free," they say. They consider that breaking down feudal servitude also broke them free from the yoke that had gripped them.
Following the rupture they worked for education, building schools and paying men and women teachers. Later they fought to get the state to pay them. They built health centres and fought to get the state to pay for health services.
They got the vote and elected their own mayors. They fought against mining pollution. They struggled to assume in a collective manner police and judicial functions, to replace corrupt cops and judges. They fought against corrupt authorities of any stripe - and for many other things.
They feel that breaking from feudal servitude freed them to spread wings and carry the struggle forward.
Current struggles
Most current struggles of indigenous campesinos are against the killing of Pachamama, Mother Earth; against depredations by the large companies, mainly mining, but also petroleum and gas. Previous Peruvian governments were servants of feudal lords; today they serve the great multinationals. They act against the Peruvian people and against nature.
Living conditions are another cause of struggle. There is more and more unemployment, and the standard of living is falling. In the countryside this is due to excessively low prices for farm products. This is linked to the struggle against the Free Trade Agreement with the United States that will demolish our agriculture for the benefit of large, subsidized imperial firms.
The indigenous movement, together with the rest of the Peruvian population, is fighting against corruption and to get their own representatives into local governments. People often suffer betrayals because there is no system for authentic democratic control.
Our allies
The indigenous movement is not alone. Although it is the most vigorous and persevering, it is not unique. The rest of the people are struggling together with us.
Intellectuals called indigenistas, whether indigenous or not, merit special mention. Ever since the oppression of the original peoples of our continent began there have been individuals who have struggled against it and to defend our culture.
The work of Father Bartolomé de las Casas is known.
In Peru there were notable political figures like González Prada and Mariátegui. Writers like Clorinda Matto, Ciro Alegría, José María Arguedas. Painters like José Sabogal. Musicians like Alomía Robles, Baltasar Zegarra, Roberto Ojeda, Leandro Alviña, and so on.
The meaning of our struggle
We are defending our culture in its diverse aspects: our cosmic vision, social organization, our rituals and agricultural know-how, medicine, music, language, and many others.
We do not claim that our culture is superior to others. We are struggling to stop it from being considered inferior.
We want to be respected as equals.
We have been educated to harmonize equality and diversity. Peru is a mega-diverse country, both geographically and demographically. We have 82% of the world's 103 natural life zones. Our inhabitants speak 45 different languages. The great Inca Sun God celebration was not exclusive. It had a procession of different peoples with diverse gods. The notion of "one God" did not exist. We are for the equality of the diverse; we are against homogenization (igualitarismo).
On the one hand we respect diverse individualities and particularities. On the other, we oppose individualism. Ours is a culture of solidarity.
We don't seek a return to the past. We know we must make the best in general of advances in human culture.
That does not contradict our resolve to go back to our own roots. Our past will be vividly present in our future.
We love and care for Pachamama. We fervently yearn to return to basing our economy on our rich biodiversity, through agriculture and natural medicine, along with any modern advances that do no harm.
We don't want our social system to be based on the deep-seated, antisocial individualism that the invaders brought here. We intend to recover and strengthen at all levels the vigorous, collectivist solidarity and fraternity of the ayllu, making use, as well, of universal knowledge that is not harmful.
We dream that the past 500 years of crushing blows are just a passing nightmare in the ten thousand years of building our culture.
*
Hugo Blanco was leader of the Quechua peasant uprising in the Cuzco region of Peru in the early 1960s. He was captured by the military and sentenced to 25 years in El Fronton Island prison for his activities. While in prison, he wrote Land or Death: The Peasant Struggle in Peru. It was published in English by Pathfinder Press in 1972 and is must-reading for anyone who wishes to understand the liberation struggles of peasants and indigenous people in that region.
An international defence campaign that gained the support of such figures as Ernesto Che Guevara, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Bertrand Russell succeeded in winning his freedom. After a period in exile in Mexico, Chile, and Sweden, Blanco returned to Peru where he won election to the national parliament on a united left slate. He has continued to play an active role in Peru's indigenous, campesino, and environmental movements, and writes on Peruvian, indigenous, and Latin American issues.
The article was translated Phil Cournoyer. In the 1960s Cournoyer participated in the worldwide defence campaign to win Blanco's freedom and a decade later coordinated a cross-Canada speaking tour of the Peruvian indigenous leader.
This essay was first published in Spanish (under the title Nuestra Cultura) in the magazine Sin Permiso in its June 2007 edition. Sin Permiso [ http://www.sinpermiso.info/ ] is a Spanish-language quarterly socialist magazine and a monthly e-zine edited by a multinational team that includes the author.
South American dictators ganged up in hunt for Che
La Higuera, Bolivia … where Che was caught. Photo: Reuters
October 9, 2007
VALLEGRANDE, Bolivia: South American dictators of the 1960s co-ordinated efforts in their attempt to track down the Marxist guerilla Ernesto "Che" Guevara, killed by Bolivian forces in 1967, according to a previously secret document uncovered by a researcher.
The co-operation predates Operation Condor, the secret plan hatched by right-wing military governments in Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay in the 1970s to eliminate their political opponents.
The confidential report, dated October 3, 1966, from the head of Paraguay's secret service, informs his Brazilian counterpart of Guevara's arrival in South America.
"It is the first time that we find the name of Che Guevara linked to the dictatorships before the elaboration of Operation Condor," said Martin Almada, a Paraguayan researcher who in 1992 uncovered documents showing the existence of Operation Condor.
"Che Guevara left Corumba a Brazilian town on the border with Bolivia] under the false name of Oscar Ferreira," read the document. Guevara had a beard and was sailing aboard the Victoria dos Palmares, which was likely to arrive at dawn. The document warned: "He is in charge of a mission."
Mr Almada, 70, helped uncover the existence of Operation Condor from five tonnes of paperwork that Paraguay's secret service abandoned in 1989 after the dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner.. ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Documents Link Chile's Pinochet to Letelier Murder Vernon Loeb .. The Washington Post, 14 November 2000
Gen. Augusto Pinochet, the Chilean dictator, asked the government of neighboring Paraguay to issue phony passports in 1976 .. Michael V. Townley and Armando Fernandez Larios, Chilean military intelligence operatives who ultimately pleaded guilty to .. the assassination of, .. Orlando Letelier, a former opposition leader .. Chilean diplomat .. killed along with an American colleague, Ronni Moffitt, in a car bombing at Sheridan Circle on Sept. 11, 1976 .. documents released yesterday. ..for the first time directly link Pinochet to the ASSASSINATION .. 16,000 formerly secret State Department, CIA, FBI, Pentagon and Justice Department .. documents .. the fourth and final round of a government-wide effort to declassify as much information as possible about political violence and human rights abuses in Chile from 1968 to 1991.
President Clinton ordered the review following Pinochet's .. arrest in London .. 1998 .. PINOCHET, of course, died a rotten old natural, at 91 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16139367/ .. little new light on CIA activities surrounding the 1973 coup .. Senate select committee chaired by Sen. Frank Church (D-Idaho) concluded in 1975 that the agency was not directly
AS THEY WEREN'T/AREN'T INVOLVED IN TORTURE TORTURE State Department cables report that Pinochet personally called Paraguayan President Alfredo Stroessner in the summer of 1976 .. documents show that State Department officials realized almost immediately that the visas they had stamped in the men's passports had been falsely obtained. Those visas were quickly canceled, but Townley and Fernandez Larios still managed to enter the United States in August 1976 using false names on Chilean passports. The documents show that the State Department also discovered this, and notified the FBI. But the US government failed to investigate .. Peter Kornbluh, an expert on Chile at the nonprofit National Security Archive .. pointed to other cables showing that the CIA had briefed the State Department months before Letelier's assassination on "Operation Condor," a Chilean intelligence program for assassinating opponents of the regime. After the briefing, the State Department directed the US ambassador in Santiago, David Popper, to meet with Pinochet and express concern .. also .. to instruct the CIA's station chief to express similar objections to Manuel Contreras, head of Chilean military intelligence .. But Popper refused to raise the subject with Pinochet, saying in a cable to Washington that the general "might well take as an insult any inference that he was connected with such assassination plots."
SO POPPER, A DIPLOMAT REFUSED A STATE DEPARTMENT ORDER?
The CIA also failed to raise Operation Condor with Contreras until after the Letelier assassination. Contreras ultimately was convicted and imprisoned in Chile .. for the car bombing. Kornbluh said a CIA memorandum .. states that in 1991, the agency destroyed a security file on Contreras - a file that Kornbluh said may have detailed Contreras' activities as a paid CIA asset. CIA spokesman Mark Mansfield denied that allegation ..
.. documents .. also show that the name and address in Santiago of Frank Teruggi were in US intelligence files a year before the coup. Teruggi, an American journalist, was tortured and killed as a suspected subversive within days of the 1973 coup. Kornbluh said the documents "beg the question" of whether US intelligence officers gave Teruggi's name to the Chileans before the coup, in effect fingering the American as a leftist. The CIA and State Department have long denied any involvement in Teruggi's murder.
Kornbluh and Thomas Blanton, the executive director of the National Security Archive, hailed yesterday's release of documents as a model for the handling of US government documents on political repression in foreign countries. "It's a spectacular, phenomenal, historic release," .. 150 volumes were made public yesterday, including 90 from the State Department, 30 from the Pentagon and 16 from the CIA. The CIA released a total of 1,550 documents, many from its clandestine Directorate of Operations, including 750 that CIA Director George J. Tenet had withheld in August .. But Blanton and Kornbluh faulted the CIA for heavily censoring some documents and withholding others that formed the basis of a recent report to Congress on covert activities in Chile. "We still have the problem of CIA censorship of history. .. covert operations more than 30 years ago .. "and it is still being kept secret." Mansfield, the CIA spokesman, responded that the "redactions were done to protect intelligence sources and methods, which we are obligated to do under the law. The fact is, a very significant amount of information was released." .. Copyright 2000 The Washington Post
was overthrown. He said he only recently discovered the Guevara document "because I have many documents and have not finished examining them all".
AM GUESSING that on as he would have fewer documents, cables etc.. to go through following this Bush administration.
Guevara, the iconic Argentine-born doctor who became a guerilla leader and fought in the Cuban revolution, led a small band of rebels in Bolivia for 11 months trying to spread revolution. The Bolivian army and two CIA agents captured him in a village and shot him on October 9, 1967. He was 39.
YET, ANOTHER POLITICAL ASSASSINATION IN WHICH MANY IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT AND SECURITY ORGANIZATION WOULD HAVE BEEN INDIRECTLY INVOLVED AND ONE IN WHICH TWO IN THE CIA, IT SEEMS, WERE MOST DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THE MURDER.
THE MURDER OF CHE GUEVARA A LEADER OF A SMALL BAND SEEKING TO BRING SOME SEMBLANCE OF FREEDOM FROM DICTATORSHIP IN SOUTH AMERICA WAS MURDERED BY THE CIA AND BOLIVIAN COHORTS ON OCTOBER 9, 1967.
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