samboy: You need to simply do some due on funders of penny co.s ok. Read up on convertible debentures & PIPES. Learn why lenders/funders naked short penny co.'s ahead of financing announcements. The penny market is the devils playground for offshore hedge fund types due to the fact that 90% of penny co.'s are destined to fail...therefore the odds to succeed by naked shorting from offshore accounts is high. And the usual number 1 target is a penny company that requires funding ok. They can't secure traditional funding so they have to go the CD or PIPE route the majority of the time to survive ok. It's either that or run a printing press & dilute their own capital structure.