I stumbled upon this when researching taurine supplementation...
Sodium phenylbutyrate is a white or yellow powder which decomposes at about 220°C. It is freely soluble in water and methanol; sparingly soluble in ethanol; and practically insoluble in methylene chloride, acetone, and diethyl ether. Taurursodiol, also known as tauroursdeoxycholic acid, is an ambiphilic bile acid and is the taurine conjugate of ursodiol, also known as ursodeoxycholic acid. The chemical name of taurursodiol is 2-[(3a, 7ß-dihydroxy-24-oxo-5ß-cholan-24-yl) amino] ethane sulfonic acid, dihydrate. The molecular formula is C26H45NO6S . 2H2O and the molecular weight is 535.74 (dihydrate). The taurursodiol chemical structure is:
The reason I was researching taurine is I have been taking it as a supplement for a year or more, but just discovered that I was taking a sub therapeutic dose. I altered the dosage to 3g plus and within 48 hours a tremor (most likely due to flouroquinolone poisoning) was controlled.
From Google AI:
Taurine conjugated bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol derivatives that are conjugated with taurine in the liver. Taurine is the body's most abundant free amino acid, and it plays a role in many essential functions, including development, energy production, and inflammation. BAs have antimicrobial properties that help prevent microbial colonization in the GI tract.
NCBI Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota - PMC Jul 29, 2022
MTHFR Support Australia Taurine and Its Role in Bile Synthesis Jul 28, 2017 — Bile acids and conjugation with taurine. As bile acids are conjugated with taurine in the liver, there are several modifications that occur in hepatocytes that are vital to ensure the liver remains in a healthy state. For instance, membrane mobility, and overall fluidity of hepatocytes, increase in the presence of bile acids conjugated with taurine. Therefore, bile acids are frequently found conjugated with taurine – enabling advanced hepatocyte efficiency. Bile acid conjugation with taurine or glycine is catalyzed by two biochemical reactions: The enzyme cholyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes bile acid into acyl-CoA thioester. Conjugation of bile acids with taurine promotes bile excretion by increasing their water solubility into bile. This facilitates the absorption of lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. The conjugation process also makes BAs impermeable to cell membranes, allowing high concentrations to persist in bile and intestinal content. The liver also produces taurine, and the microbiota regulates BA generation and metabolism. The rate-limiting enzymes in both taurine synthesis and BA conjugation may be regulated by a nucleus receptor, FXR, that promotes BA homeostasis. The ratio of glycine to taurine conjugation can vary considerably. For example, in cats, BAs in the bile are exclusively conjugated with taurine. In contrast, other primates, rodents, and other Laurasiatheria exclusively conjugate bile acids with taurine but not glycine.