Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays important roles in many biological functions, such as, stimulation of contractility in the heart, vasodilation, promoting neuroendocrine-immune communication, lowering arterial blood pressure, and anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activity.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a peptide produced by immune cells, exerts a wide spectrum of immunological functions that control the homeostasis of the immune system. In the last decade, VIP has been clearly identified as a potent anti-inflammatory factor, both in innate and adaptive immunity. In innate immunity, this peptide inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from macrophages, microglia and dendritic cells.
Sepsis is caused mostly by bacterial infections. The immune system runs out of controls and triggers a cytokine storm, a condition in which inflammation-causing proteins flood the blood. Organs may break down, and death often follows. Other diseases can also cause cytokine storms; medical historians believe cytokine storms were behind the lethality of the 1918-1919 flu epidemic, as well as the Black Death in the 14th century. The cytokine storm is also observed in patients with severe COVID-19 and believed to be involved in death in COVID-19.
RADNOR, Pa., Aug. 30, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- NRx Pharmaceuticals (NRx) (Nasdaq: NRXP) announced an additional finding in its phase 2b/3 clinical trial investigating ZYESAMI™ (aviptadil) for the treatment of patients with acute Respiratory Failure due to Critical COVID-19. Previously announced results have focused on survival and recovery from respiratory failure at 60 days, and ZYESAMI's apparent role in preventing rise in the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, known as "Cytokine Storm."
NRx's new analysis shows that patients treated with ZYESAMI demonstrated improvement in blood oxygen, indicative of improved lung function, within a day of starting treatment. The average difference in Respiratory Distress Ratio between those treated with aviptadil and placebo was both clinically meaningful and statistically significant. Moreover, the difference is comparable to that reported a year ago from an open label study at Houston Methodist Hospital by Dr. J Georges Yousef.
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