No, with the SEC it's not like that. All proposed regulations have public comment periods that are months long. Some are even extended.
The SEC relies on two foundational laws, the Securities Act of 1934 (Securities Act) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). The Exchange Act created the SEC. Both have been amended many times. More recently, important laws that affect securities are Sarbanes-Oxley, Dodd-Frank, and the JOBS Act. You'll find links to all of them here: