As to who we borrow money from, it's mainly China and Japan.
You referenced an M1 chart from the St. Louis Fed. It showed a terrific spike in early 2020. There was an explanation from the St. Louis Fed why the chart would show that. It was due to a redefinition of what they were going to track as "money in circulation". That's not a representation of debt. It's money in circulation. You inferenced that it was "debt".
And one more time. I agree our government (as a whole) is being reckless regarding our National Debt.