A nasal spray can prompt your immune system to create antibodies known as immunoglobulin A locally in your mucosal orifices, said Dr. Paul Goepfert, the director of the Alabama Vaccine Research Clinic.
"It's possible that this would be a much more efficient vaccine to reduce coronavirus spread," Goepfert told Insider.
Immunogenicity of a novel Clade B HIV-1 vaccine combination: Results of phase 1 randomized placebo controlled trial of an HIV-1 GM-CSF-expressing DNA prime with a modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine boost in healthy HIV-1 uninfected adults
However, a gp41 subunit virosome vaccine regimen that elicited antiviral gp41 specific antibodies did protect nonhuman primates against vaginal SHIV challenges [48}
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