Since this is not a randomized, double blind clinical trial, they try to compared the treatment response of lenzilumab with a control group, which was created from sex/age matched patients.
" A control cohort of patients who did not receive lenzilumab (untreated) was identified from an electronic registry of more than 1900 COVID-19 patients in the same healthcare centers as the lenzilumab-treated patients, and were matched to cases on sex and age within a tolerance of 5 years "