Even though Inovio is small, it's still very much in the thick of the race to develop a COVID-19 vaccine. The company already had an experimental vaccine in phase 2 clinical testing targeting MERS, another member of the coronavirus family. It used the expertise gained in this development program to quickly launch its COVID-19 vaccine program.
In early January, COVID-19 wasn't even on Inovio's radar. Within a matter of weeks, the company not only had an experimental vaccine targeting the novel coronavirus disease ready to go but had also secured a $9 million grant from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) to conduct preclinical and phase 1 clinical testing. Inovio plans to advance its INO-4800 COVID-19 vaccine to clinical testing in humans this month.
The big story for Inovio prior to the coronavirus crisis was its lead candidate VGX-3100. And it's still a big story for the company. Inovio announced positive interim results in late March from a couple of phase 2 studies evaluating the immunotherapy in treating anal dysplasia and vulvar dysplasia, both of which are precancerous conditions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18. It expects to report results from one of two late-stage studies evaluating VGX-3100 in treating cervical dysplasia later this year.
Inovio's partner AstraZeneca is evaluating MEDI0457, a combination of VGX-3100 and a DNA-based immune activator, in a phase 2 study targeting head and neck cancer caused by HPV. Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy (PICI) and the Cancer Research Institute (CRI) are collaborating with Inovio to test INO-5051 in a phase 2 study for treating prostate cancer.
The biotech's pipeline includes two other immunotherapies in phase 2 development. INO-3107 targets recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a rare disease caused by HPV that causes tumor growth in the respiratory tract. INO-5401 is being studied in combination with Regeneron's immunotherapy Libtayo to treat brain cancer.
Inovio is also working on other vaccines in addition to its COVID-19 effort. The most advanced programs are its DNA vaccines targeting HIV and MERS. Inovio's other experimental vaccines target Ebola, Lassa fever, and Zika
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