A frameshift mutation causes all subsequently-read codons within the gene in question to be misread and thereby produce aberrant amino acids. Thus, the mutation generates an array of potential neoantigens instead of just one.
Variants, such as indels (unexpected insertions and deletions in the DNA sequence), can really screw up them proteins -- the key is knowing what and where those miscreant proteins are to target them and annihilate them.
That is where bioinformatics steps in....
...ya 'all remember the Norden bombsight? Yeah, bioinformatics reminds me of the 'ol Norden.......showing the bombardier where to stick it to 'em. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norden_bombsight
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