The more I dig into the data on sand the more I realize not all sand is created equal.
There is a source of sand that has been extensively quarried and used by the O & G industry in Texas called "Brady" or "Brown" sand.
Brown sand is rated 'Tier II' which is cheaper to use than a Tier 1 product but it's less efficient because the individual grains have more of a square shape...and that square shape hinders the conductivity or flow. Not good.
There are other differences but going forward there is no way of knowing which sand will be preferred in the Permian or the Eagle-Ford oil patches. Cost will certainly dictate but the science on this is a moving target....it's evolving as efficiencies are discovered. Zeroing in on the optimal product is critical because once you jam thousands of tons of sand into every small crack & crevasse in your well it's too late to remove it and go with a more superior proppant.