I'm only speaking from being involved Randomized Controlled Trials. I was the data analyst, where I monitor data, integrity. Also, the randomization schedule/logarithm.
There is no way for anyone to know if an arm is effective without un-blinding, if that did occur then the data may get tossed. The lab data is not processed at sites. So, all you could have known are about the lack of adverse events and general sense/feedback from patients.
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