Replies to post #214439 on Avid Bioservices Inc (CDMO)

[biopharm]

Biopharm i think you have cut and paste the wrong topic. You almost created AI from PS.

Well I was on the right track and maybe we start seeing the much bigger possibilities with this new knowledge of PS Targeting on just the right "charge"

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Introduction

The detection and quantification of biomarkers are essential for medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and bioresearch. This field has long been dominated by optically based readout techniques utilizing fluorescent markers or those requiring advanced spectroscopic equipment. While other fields have benefited from new technologies based upon advancements in semiconductor integrated circuit technology, chemical and biological sensors have remained dependent upon biochemical assays due to the challenges of achieving sensitivity and selectivity with semiconductor-based sensors. Silicon transistor-based readout sensors have been developed, but these devices suffered from poor sensitivity and selectivity due to fundamental shortcomings of the silicon structure.

Recently, new electronic sensors have overcome the limitations of the current silicon sensors through the development of low dimensional materials, nanowires, nanotubes, and two-dimensional (2D) films. While sensors based upon one-dimensional (1D) structures, specifically carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have demonstrated excellent sensitivity and at least the promise of selectivity, the production of devices from 1D structures has proven difficult. Graphene offers the same performance opportunities as 1D structures along with the advantages of working with a planar film.
Graphene

Graphene, the first 2D atomic crystal material, is a monolayer of carbon arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for their groundbreaking experiments on graphene. Graphene has several exceptional material properties particularly well suited for sensor applications, including electrical conductivity.1–3 Ideal mobilities for graphene are estimated to be 200,000 cm2 V–1 s–1.4 Mobilities of 10,000–15,000 cm2 V–1 s–1 have been reported for exfoliated graphene on SiO2-covered silicon wafers,5,6 and upper limits between 40,000–70,000 cm2 V–1 s–1.6,7 Graphene is very stable; it is composed of very short, strong, covalent bonds, all in the plane of the film. The conductivity, stability, uniformity, composition, and 2D nature of graphene make it an excellent material for sensors, overcoming the failings of silicon chemical and biological sensors.
GFET

A graphene field effect transistor (GFET) is composed of a graphene channel between two electrodes with a gate contact to modulate the electronic response of the channel (Figure 1). The graphene is exposed to enable functionalization of the channel surface and binding of receptor molecules to the channel surface. The surface of the GFET channel is functionalized by binding receptor molecules for the specific target of interest.

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/materials-science/graphene-field-effect-transistors.html

Chemical and Biological Sensing

DNA-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensors

http://nanophys.seas.upenn.edu/research.html

Like I said at the very, very beginning.... Brigitte Phan (Allergan patent attorney) did not just pop up on the PAV list of the late Dr. Phil Thorpes profile for no reason at all. It took a few years before we finally seen her surface with Donald Bollella(Skywork Solutions..) and Ramon Valencia (Peregrine Pharmaceuticals)

Interesting that she also has Johnson as a client A.T. Charlie Johnson and maybe it certainly was not a coincidence it seemed like she was working with the late Dr. Thorpe...

http://nanophys.seas.upenn.edu/research.html

http://www.plainsite.org/attorneys/allergan-usa-inc/brigitte-phan/