"How long does the new drug development process take? It takes an average of 12 years for a drug to travel from the research lab to the patient. In addition, only five in 5,000, or 10%, of the drugs that begin preclinical testing ever make it to human testing. Only one of these five is ever approved for human usage." http://ca-biomed.org/pdf/media-kit/fact-sheets/cbradrugdevelop.pdf
"A single clinical trial can cost $100 million at the high end, and the combined cost of manufacturing and clinical testing for some drugs has added up to $1 billion. But the main expense is failure. AstraZeneca does badly by this measure because it has had so few new drugs hit the market. Eli Lilly spent roughly the same amount on R&D, but got twice as many new medicines approved over that 15 year period, and so spent just $4.5 billion per drug." http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2012/02/10/the-truly-staggering-cost-of-inventing-new-drugs/
OJB...near as I can surmise, QD's are still high on the NanoAxis [NA] list of preferential BioMed materials at their disposal. QD's are still prominently emphasized on their homepage: http://nanoaxisllc.com/ and QMC is still listed as one of their preferred collaborators: http://nanoaxisllc.com/Collaborators.html Of note; nanoparticle therapeutics used internally are likely a long way off into the future , but ex vivo apps such as lab-on-a-chip & point-of-care diagnostics could see a much faster timeline insofar as FDA approvals are concerned ...& NA is making strides in that direction, as mentioned here in this interview: http://inbt.jhu.edu/2015/02/09/chakravarthy-edging-toward-breakthroughs-in-nanomedicine/
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