One of the things that I have noticed in these penny scams is that the CEOs have given advance warnings that they up to no good. Generally, the die-hard longs will provide all the excuses needed. If the CEO is not above reproach, distance yourself and your money from him. You may be wrong in 1 out of 10 cases but right 90%. Some CEOs start off as crooks/con men and others due to the pressure of their failed enterprise, resort to desperation. The effect on your wallet is the same in either case.