Individual share holders do not lend their shares to be sold (shorted) by the borrower and don't receive any benefit from fees or interest !
In addition there is no permission required by the broker for any shares to be loaned (shorted). The broker loans shares from the sum total of all the shares owned by their clients and it is only the broker receives any benefit !
Also there is the practice of naked shorting where the broker or some high level client sells shares that they do not own or even make a pretense of borrowing !