There were several papers mentioned.
The original one I was reading was a link in Nanopatent's post#82128.
The other I was looking at that I copied the sections of text from, (FYI I noticed I left off the second point which was; 2) The body’s innate ability to self-regulate is much more prevalent than regulation in cultured cells
was from a 2013 Oct 3 publication titled;
Nanotoxicity comparison of four amphiphilic polymeric micelles with similar hydrophilic or hydrophobic structure
Try the following for the full text. I hope it is correct, I am having trouble with links lately
www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/10/1/47
It has some interesting data in it, but I am not sure if it is directly applicable to nanoviricides materials. I believe NNVC differentiates the structure to use a more block and tail or tendril design of the hydrophobic vs hydrophilic sections of the nanomicelle than a block to block design. I would think this could have an influence in modifying toxicity as I believe some or a lot of the toxicity of nanoparticles is due to their size/shape or morphology of sorts. Again though, bear-in-mind, I am talking out of my $#&@! somewhat here. Just speculating with what I have to work with in this tired old head.
The paper's conclusion section is:
In this study we prepared PEG-PG-PCL, PEEP-PCL, PEG-PCL and PEG-DSPE micelles and compared their nanotoxicity on J774.A1 cells, Eahy.926 cells and mice. It was indicated that all micelle systems induced a change in inflammatory factors, potentially as a result of the increased level of ROS. PEG-PG-PCL micelles and PEEP-PCL micelles led to an increase in cell volume. This phenomenon likely correlated with the size of PEG-PG-PCL micelles and the polyphosphoester structure in PEEP-PCL. Besides, PEG-DSPE micelles inhibited the growth of Eahy.926 cells by inducing apoptosis. No evidence was found for cell membrane changes after treatment with these micelles. Likely due to the direct injection into veins, these nanocarriers were found to influence blood components differently. However, these changes in the blood did not induce significant alterations in inflammatory factors and pathology of major mouse organs. The difference between the in vitro and in vivo results indicates that the in vitro toxicity may not occur in vivo, probably because the animal body can protect against certain toxicities. Additionally, there may be other toxicity-related reactions found in vivo that were not observed in vitro due to the unknown reasons. Because there is currently no standard for nanotoxicity, it is difficult for us to conclude whether the observed changes are serious or negligible. In general, it is demonstrated that the micelle systems tested here show diverse nanotoxicity correlated with their structures and their biosafety is different in different cell model. This study will certainly provide more scientific understandings on the nanotoxicity of amphiphilic polymeric micelles.
