Saturday, February 15, 2014 6:04:02 PM
This is off the additive section:
Global Warming Reduction
EMG96 is a new class of fuels we call hybrid fuels for the fuel gets “two bites at the apple”. First the Hybrid fuel operates as all other fuels do in an exothermal reaction of combustion producing heat that a portion of which is converted into mechanical energy. EMG96 fuel adds a second operationwhere a portion of the heat generated in combustion that normally is discharged to the environment is used to fuel a second reaction using Endothermic cooling so that the combustions gases are cooled before leaving the engine. Both the efficiency of the Exothermal “heat engine” and the Endothermic cooling reactions are predicted by a simple equation first proposed in 1824 by Sadi Carnot in his book “Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire”. The engine’s efficiency, changing the thermal energy contained in the fuel into useful mechanical energy, depends only on the differential temperature between the combustion temperature and the manifold exhaust temperature (all in degrees Rankin).
The combustion temperature is a constant. The ‘synthetic additive’ proprietary invention is to add chemicals that reduce the manifold temperature to increase the efficiency of the thermal content of the fuel.
Using this equation for spark ignited internal combustion engines that operate at combustion and manifold temperatures of 2,100 degrees F (2,559 R) and 1,100 (1,559 R) have an associated maximum thermal efficiency of thirty-two percent (32%). However, when the same engine is fuelled by EMG96 with the ‘synthetic additive’ the combustion and manifold temperatures of 2,100 degrees F (2,559 R) and 475 (934 R) have an associated maximum thermal efficiency of sixty-four percent (64%).
There are two reasons why a gallon of EMG96 produces sixty eight percent (68%) less waste heat to the environment than a gallon of regular gasoline. First, the fuel has forty percent (40%) less energy per gallon, measured in British Thermal Units, BTUs, than regular gasoline (65,550 BTUs vs. 110,200 BTUs). Second, EMG96 doubles the efficiency of the engine, as compared to regular gasoline fuel, to better utilise the BTUs in the fuel (sixty-four percent (64%) vs. thirty two percent (32%)).
The greater mpg of EMG96 as compared to gasoline results in a further reduction in Global Warming. The fifteen percent (15%) increase in mpg associated with EMG96 raises the combined reduction in waste heat to the environment to eighty percent (80%).
Octane & Corrosion
Octane Numbers
The designations of Octane Ratings are:
Research Octane Number (RON);
Motor Octane Number (MON); and
Pump Octane Number (PON) that is defined as equal to (RON +MON)/2)
The PON is the most common Octane Number. The PON is the Octane Number displayed on fuel pumps at service stations. The PON is also equal to the Anti Knock Index (AKI)
Corrosion Inhibitors
The NACE test is the industry standard for measurement of the life of metal engine parts. Letter grades are given for performance, like in school. But here only an “A” is a passing grade. NACE Standard TM0172-86 testing was performed by Baker Hughes on EMG96 with and without the addition of the two (2) Tolad™ model corrosion inhibitor products. The EMG96 tested contained eighty-five percent (85%) Methanol and fifteen percent (15%) gasoline 84 Octane (PON) with no Ethanol. In the tested performed by Baker Hughes, the most corrosive fuel with a “D” rating was gasoline without the corrosion inhibitor. EMG96 was the less corrosive with a “B++”without the corrosion inhibitor.
When either the old model MFA-10, or the latest model MFA-10A corrosion inhibitors were added to EMG96 or gasoline: both obtained an “A” rating.
EMG96 is a single fuel alternative for all grades of gasoline with an Octane Number (PON) of 96, and a NACE corrosion inhibitor rating of “A”.
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