Manhattan Scientifics Inc (MHTX)

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Concluding remarks,(from Ultrafine grained titanium for biomedical applications: An overview of performance)

The exceptional properties of commercially pure titanium as a biomaterial for osseointegration in human implants have been improved to even higher levels of mechanical strength by severe plastic processing. The resulting ultrafine-grained titanium may present both yield and ultimate tensile strengths above 1000 MPa. This surpasses those of the commonly used Ti–6Al–4V alloy for structural implants. The main advantage is that it enables the use of pure titanium and avoids the toxicity of Al and V that have been shown to dissolve in the host tissue. The limited diameters of the ultrafine-grained processed Ti bars make them particularly convenient for dental mini-implant devices.