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A subsidiary, subsidiary company, daughter company,[1] or sister company[2] is a company that is completely or partly owned by another corporation that owns more than half of the subsidiary's stock, and which normally acting as a holding corporation which at least partly or (when as) a parent corporation, wholly controls the activities and policies of the daughter corporation.[3][4] The subsidiary can be a company, corporation, or limited liability company. In some cases it is a government or state-owned enterprise. The controlling entity is called its parent company, parent, or holding company.[5]
An operating subsidiary is a business term constantly used within the United States railroad industry. In the case of a railroad, it refers to a company that is a subsidiary but operates with its own identity, locomotives and rolling stock. In contrast, a non-operating subsidiary would exist on paper only (i.e. stocks, bonds, articles of incorporation) and would use the identity and rolling stock of the parent company.
Subsidiaries are a common feature of business life, and all multinational corporations organize their operations in this way.[6] Examples include holding companies such as Berkshire Hathaway,[7] Time Warner, or Citigroup; as well as more focused companies such as IBM, or Xerox Corporation. These, and others, organize their businesses into national and functional subsidiaries, often with multiple levels of subsidiaries.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary
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