David Loane, a scientist at the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) at the University of Maryland, says new research suggests that TBI results in chronic microglia activation, which changes the brain’s white matter. “We’re beginning to see that microglia activation and neuroinflammation is a chronic pathology that’s associated with TBI,” he says. “It’s a progressive and chronic disorder that continues indefinitely after the initial traumatic insult.”
Given that inflammatory pathways are so significantly affected, Fiona Crawford, a researcher at the Roskamp Institute, wondered if some of the long-term damage, particularly memory problems, could be avoided by using a compound that dampens the brain’s natural inflammatory response. She and her colleagues had already found evidence that anatabine, a dietary supplement found in tobacco leaves, tomatoes, and eggplant, was a powerful anti-inflammatory agent.
The group compared mice with brain injuries after being given anatabine versus a placebo. When they were put into the Barnes Maze task, a tool to measure spatial learning and memory, the mice who had received the anatabine after TBI performed as well as uninjured mice. Crawford presented the research at the Society for Neuroscience's annual meeting in 2012.
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