What normally takes a long time is the Environmental Assessment and/or an Environmental Impact Statement (this takes longer and cost more) which is costly, plus you have public input and variopus government agencies to review the permit and EIS. The whole process is at minimum 3 years.
I was trained to do EIS. THe government regulators are ussally your Department of Environmental Quality. The laws are various environmental laws established over the last 4 decades, i.e. NEPA. However if the activity is near a water way the Army Corp of Engineers may be involved because of they manage all water ways as defined by federal law. The endagered species act is also critical too if tehre are protected species involved. Then, mitigation would be neccessary such as for every 1 acre destroyed of habitat that the company would have to buy 3-5 acres of land to replace it for habitat conservation.
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