In 2005, did brokers also have an option to allow such naked shorts to be pledged as collateral for bank loans or finance the broker-dealers' business?
NO, that practice had been made illegal in 1970 with the Securities Investor Protection Act.
It was following this act that the SEC established the customer protection rule (Rule 15c3-3) in 1972 and the uniform net capital rule (Rule 15c3-1) in 1975.
Register for free to join our community of investors and share your ideas. You will also get access to streaming quotes, interactive charts, trades, portfolio, live options flow and more tools.