For those who might be interested, here is a sample energy balance determined from an actual run at Atlantic Packaging in Sept 2003;
Feed material temperature: 20°C Feed material moisture content: 52% Feed material rate: 800 kg/hr
Based on the above conditions, feed contains 384 kg/hr of solids and 416 kg/hr of water.
KDS product moisture content: 26% (Measured and verified by BBC Engineering) Therefore product is 384 kg/hr of solids and 135 kg/hr of water and, Product production rate is 519 kg/hr
Based on the above, the water removal rate is 281 kg/hr
Energy required to heat the sludge and evaporate 281 kg of water using a conventional drier is: Q1 = energy to heat 281 kg of water from 20°C to the boiling point of 100°C (rT=80°C) Q1 = 281 kg * 4.184 kJ/kg°C * 80°C = 94,056 kJ = 26.1 kW Q2 = energy to vaporize 281 kg of water at 100°C Q2 = 281 kg * 2,256 kJ/kg = 633,936 kJ = 176.1 kW Q3 = energy required to heat the solids in the sludge to at least 120°C (rT=100°C) Q3 = 384 kg * 1 kJ/kg * 100°C = 38,400 kJ = 10.7 kW Total energy to heat and evaporate 281 kg of water from feed material = Q1+Q2+Q3 = 212.9 kW Typical efficiency of a drier = 70%
Therefore, total energy required by typical drier to remove 281 kg of water = 212.9 kW / 0.7 = 304.1 kW
Numerous tests conducted at Atlantic Packaging show that the energy consumed by the KDS to disintegrate the material AND remove the moisture at the above production rate is about 76 kW
Therefore, in this example the demonstration KDS operating at Atlantic Packaging used approximately ¼ of the energy of a conventional dryer while at the same time disintegrating the product into a fine powder.
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