Marijuana Company of America Inc (MCOA)

[godsend74]

FYI. To add to the general knowledge on this board.

What is “Dual Listing?”

What Does Dual Listing Mean?
When a company's securities are listed on more than one exchange for the purpose of adding liquidity to the shares and allowing investors greater choice in where they can trade their shares.

What Does Dual Listing Mean?
When a company's securities are listed on more than one exchange for the purpose of adding liquidity to the shares and allowing investors greater choice in where they can trade their shares.

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/duallisting.asp

Dual-listed companies should not be confused with cross listed companies, where a company is listed on more than one stock exchange.
A dual-listed company or DLC is a corporate structure in which two corporations function as a single operating business through a legal equalization agreement, but retain separate legal identities and stock exchange listings. Virtually all DLCs are cross-border, and have tax advantages for the corporations and their stockholders.
In a conventional merger or acquisition, the merging companies become a single legal entity, with one business buying (for cash or stock) the outstanding shares of the other. However, when a DLC is created, the two companies continue to exist, and to have separate bodies of shareholders, but they agree to share all the risks and rewards of the ownership of all their operating businesses in a fixed proportion, laid out in a contract called an "equalization agreement." The equalization agreements are set up to ensure equal treatment of both companies’ shareholders in voting and cash flow rights. The contracts cover issues that determine the distribution of these legal and economic rights between the twin parents, including issues related to dividends, liquidation, and corporate governance. Usually the two companies will share a single board of directors and have an integrated management structure. A DLC is somewhat like a joint venture, but the two parties share everything they own, not just a single project.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-listed_company




Up Listing
What is an 'Uplisting'?

-An 'uplisting' is the process of moving a stock to trade on a higher exchange. In the penny stock arena, the most common uplisting is from the PinkSheets to the OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB). While it is possible for an OTCBB stock to uplist to a big board such as the NYSE or Nasdaq, it is a very rare occurrence. The reality is that few penny stocks actually succeed to the point that they meet the requirements of a listing on a big board. Stocks that are able to uplist, are showing real promise to be considered as a good investment.
http://www.thethirddimension.net/stocks/companyactions.html

What is “Cross Listing?”

Cross listing of one company on multiple exchanges should not be confused with dual listed companies, where two distinct companies function as one.
Cross listing of shares is when a firm lists its equity shares on one or more foreign stock exchange in addition to its domestic exchange. Examples include: American Deposit Receipt (ADR), European Depositary Receipt (EDR), International Depositary Receipt (IDR) and Global Registered Shares (GRS).
Generally such a company's primary listing is on a stock exchange in its country of incorporation, and its secondary listing(s) is on an exchange in another country. Cross-listing is especially common for companies that started out in a small market but grew into a larger market. For example, numerous large Canadian companies are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ as well as the Toronto Stock Exchange. The term can also be used to refer to the listing of a company on more than one stock exchange in the same country: as an example, there are a handful of companies in the United States that are listed on both the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ. Some organizations, such as Liberty Media, have multiple listings reflecting different underlying assets, called tracking stocks.
The traditional argument within the academic literature to cross-list abroad in addition to a listing in the domestic country is that firms seek such opportunities to benefit from a lower cost of capital that arises because their shares become more accessible to global investors whose access would otherwise be restricted because of international investment barriers. Cross-listing may also be driven by product and labor market considerations; for example, to increase visibility with customers by broadening product identification, to provide improved information disclosures to potential customers and suppliers by accepting higher levels of disclosure standards by adopting standards like U.S. GAAP, and to improve labour relations in foreign countries by introducing share and option plans for foreign employees.[1] There are, however, also disadvantages in deciding to cross-list: increased pressure on executives due to closer public scrutiny; increased reporting and disclosure requirements; additional scrutiny by analysts in advanced market economices, and additional listing fees.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_listing