To clarify: 1. An application is filed. 2&3. Examiners attempt to determine if it's really "new art" and I believe will typically kick it back to the inventor for changes and clarifications. If they come to a point where they are satisfied that it's warranted and adequately documented, a patent is issued. Regardless of the status of that process, after a period of time from the original filing (which I believe to be 18 months) the original filing is published and becomes available for public viewing.
This is just stuff I picked up as a result of bumping into it before, so if it's critical to you you should double-check every word of it.
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