News item 2 - Phase 2 Trial of XOMA 052 to be Initiated in Type 1 Diabetes Patients
8:04a ET November 4, 2009 (GlobeNewswire)
XOMA Ltd. (Nasdaq:XOMA), a leader in the discovery and development of therapeutic antibodies, today announced plans to initiate an investigator sponsored Phase 2 clinical trial of XOMA 052, its antibody to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), in Type 1 diabetes patients. The trial will be sponsored by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF), the largest patient advocacy organization of Type 1 diabetes research worldwide. The trial sponsor is Dr. Marc Donath, Professor of Endocrinology and Diabetes at the University Hospital of Zurich, pioneer in anti-inflammatory approaches to diabetes treatment, and a principal investigator in the Phase 1 studies of XOMA 052. XOMA will provide XOMA 052 drug product for the trial.
The study is designed to evaluate the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment in Type 1 diabetes patients after the initial period of autoimmune activity that results in the loss of blood sugar level control, attempting to prevent the complete loss of beta cells. It follows an initial study indicating that anti-IL-1 drugs may have positive benefit for patients with Type 1 diabetes. The randomized, placebo-controlled study in 24 patients with well-controlled Type 1 diabetes who have had the disease for at least two years will measure the effects of treatment with XOMA 052 over six months on beta cell function and insulin production. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of XOMA 052 will also be assessed.
"The evaluation of our general anti-inflammatory drug candidate, XOMA 052, in multiple diseases continues to expand. We are pleased that Dr. Donath plans to initiate a study in Type 1 diabetes with JDRF support. In parallel, XOMA continues to focus on conducting studies of XOMA 052 in patients with Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease," said Steven B. Engle, XOMA's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. "If successful, this study would be the first showing the impact of reducing inflammation in Type 1 diabetes patients with disease duration of two years or more. It would provide additional evidence of the benefit anti-inflammatory therapy that could lead to the improvement in the lives of many patients."
According to the JDRF, as many as 3 million Americans may have Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease that strikes children and adults suddenly and can be fatal. In Type 1 diabetes, the patient's own immune system destroys the patient's beta cells in their pancreas that normally control blood sugar level. Patients with Type 1 diabetes have to test their blood sugar and give themselves insulin injections multiple times each day, or use a pump every day for the rest of their lives. And even with intensive care, insulin is not a cure for diabetes, nor does it completely prevent its eventual and devastating complications, which may include kidney failure, blindness, heart disease, stroke, and amputation.
IL-1 beta has been demonstrated to be involved in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in patients with Type 1 diabetes(1) as well as Type 2 disease(2). In Type 1 diabetes, immune cells that target a patient's pancreatic beta cells initiate the damage, which results in an increase in blood glucose levels. The higher blood glucose levels stimulate the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta which, in turn, feeds back on the pancreatic beta cells, reducing their insulin-production efficiency and eventually leading to cell death. XOMA 052 is an antibody that binds to IL-1 beta and interferes with the activation of the IL-1 receptor, thereby reducing cellular signaling events that produce pathological levels of inflammation.
"Several clinical studies are ongoing with anti-IL-1 and immune modulating agents in patients at the early stages of Type 1 diabetes, with the objective of preserving beta cell mass," said Dr. Donath. "This trial will test the novel hypothesis that inhibiting the activity of IL-1 beta may prevent ongoing beta cell death at later stages of disease, when most beta cells have been destroyed, and allow beta cell regeneration to prevail and repopulate the pancreas. I am very excited about the potential for an anti-inflammatory treatment for our patients with Type 1 diabetes."
"A key part of JDRF's research is aimed at stopping or reversing the immune system response that causes diabetes: the attack on insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas," said Patricia Kilian, Ph.D., Director of Regeneration at JDRF. "This attack must be stopped so that any therapies involving replacing or regenerating insulin-producing cells can work long-term. We are hopeful that this study will further advance this promising line of research to the benefit of Type 1 diabetes patients."
