![](http://investorshub.advfn.com/images/default_ih_profile2_4848.jpg?cb=0)
Tuesday, January 20, 2009 1:34:18 PM
Mohammed Mogri & Himanshu Desai & Lynn Webster &
Brydon J. B. Grant & M. Jeffery Mador
Received: 19 November 2007 / Revised: 5 June 2008 / Accepted: 15 June 2008 / Published online: 6 August 2008
# Springer-Verlag 2008
Abstract
Objective Animal models have shown a quantal slowing of respiratory pattern when exposed to opioid agonist, in a pattern similar to that observed in central sleep apnea. We postulated that opioid-induced hypoventilation is more likely to be associated with sleep apnea rather than hypoventilation alone. Since we did not have a direct measure of hypoventilation we used hypoxemia as an indirect measure reasoning that significant hypoventilation would not occur in the absence of hypoxemia.
Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 98 consecutive patients on chronic opioid medications who were referred for overnight polysomnography. All patients on chronic opioids seen in the chronic pain clinic were referred for a sleep study regardless of whether they had sleep symptoms or not. Sleep-related hypoxemia was defined as arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation of less than 90% for more than 5 min with a nadir of ≤85%, or greater than 30% of total sleep time at an oxyhemoglobin
saturation of less than 90%.
Results Of the 98 patients, 36% (95% CI 26–46%) had obstructive sleep apnea, 24%, (95% CI 16–33%) had central sleep apnea, 21% (95% CI 14–31%) had combined obstructive and central sleep apnea, in 4% (95% CI 0–10%)sleep apnea was classified as indeterminate, and 15% (95% CI 9–24%) had no sleep apnea. Opioids were potentially responsible for hypoxemia during wakefulness in 10% of patients (95% CI 5–18%) and for hypoxemia during sleep not clearly associated with apneas/hypopneas in 8% of patients (95% CI 4–15%). Two patients (2%, 95% CI 0– 7%) had sleep-related hypoxemia in the absence of sleep apnea or hypoxemia during wakefulness.
Conclusions Patients on chronic opiate therapy for chronic pain have an extremely high prevalence of sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoxemia. Hypoxemia can occur during quiet wakefulness in patients on chronic opioid medications with and without sleep apnea. In patients on chronic opioid therapy, isolated nocturnal hypoxemia without coexisting sleep apnea or daytime hypoxemia is very uncommon .
Recent RSPI News
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 07/08/2024 08:01:32 PM
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 05/29/2024 01:03:20 PM
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/02/2024 01:30:27 PM
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 01/22/2024 01:45:38 PM
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 12/11/2023 01:45:18 PM
- Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)] • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 11/17/2023 09:06:03 PM
- Form NT 10-Q - Notification of inability to timely file Form 10-Q or 10-QSB • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 11/14/2023 09:05:14 PM
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 10/12/2023 01:00:21 PM
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 10/02/2023 12:45:26 PM
- Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)] • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 08/21/2023 08:05:55 PM
- Form NT 10-Q - Notification of inability to timely file Form 10-Q or 10-QSB • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 08/14/2023 08:15:24 PM
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 08/09/2023 12:52:24 PM
FEATURED North Bay Resources Acquires Mt. Vernon Gold Mine, Sierra County, California, with Assays up to 4.8 oz. Au per Ton • Jul 18, 2024 9:00 AM
FEATURED Nightfood Holdings Signs Letter of Intent for All-Stock Acquisition of CarryOutSupplies.com • Jul 17, 2024 1:00 PM
VAYK Expects Revenue from First Airbnb Property Starting from August • VAYK • Jul 18, 2024 9:00 AM
Kona Gold Beverages Reaches Out to Largest Debt Holder for Debt Purchase Negotiation • KGKG • Jul 17, 2024 9:00 AM
Avant Technologies Welcomes Back Former CEO with Eye Toward Future Growth and Expansion • AVAI • Jul 17, 2024 8:00 AM
HealthLynked Expands Telemedicine Nationwide • HLYK • Jul 17, 2024 8:00 AM