Avid Bioservices Inc (CDMO)

[jazzbeerman]

FYI: froms Haynes most recent WIPO app --------------

To begin to understand the "delay" in induction of antibodies at the time of HIV transmission, the first question to be addressed was whether there are immunosuppressive events, such as massive apoptosis, with release of phosphatidylserine microparticles at the time of viral load ramp up during acute HIV infection (Mattapallil et al, Nature 434:1093 (2005), Veazey et al, Science 280:427 (1998), Guadalupe et al, J. Virol. 77:11708 (2003), Benchley et al, J. Exp. Med. 200:749 (2004), Mehandru et al, J. Exp. Med. 200:761 (2004), Esser et al, J. Virol. 75: 6173-6182 (2001), Aupelx et al, J. Clin Invest. 99:1546-1554 (1997), Callahan et al, J. Immunol. 170:4840-4845 (2003)). Apoptotic microparticles are the products of either activated or apoptotic cells, that are increased in the plasma of a number of diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (Distler et al, Arth. Rheum. 52:33337-3348 (2005), Tesse et al, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 25:2522-2527 (2005), Cerri et al, J. Immunol. 177:1975-1980 (2006)), Crohn's disease (Chamouard et al, Dig. Dis. Sci. 50:574-580 (2005)), coronary artery disease and other forms of heart disease (Boulanger et al, Cardiovas. Res. 67:1-3 (2005)), and chronic HIV-I infection (Esser et al, J. Virol. 75:6173-6182 (2001), Aupelx et al, J. Clin Invest. 99:1546-1554 (1997)). Apoptotic microparticles can bind to non-apoptotic cells and induce apoptosis (Distler et al, Apoptosis 10:731- 741 (2005)), are procoagulant (Distiller et al, Apoptosis 10:731-741 (2005)), proinflammatory (Tesse et al, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 25:2522-2527 (2005), Cerri et al, J. Immunol. 177:1975-1980 (2006)), and can be immunosuppressive for T and B cell responses to specific antigen (Esser et al, J. Virol. 75:6173-6182 (2001), Fadok et al. J. Immunol. 174:1393 (2005)). Microparticle levels correlate with the levels of IL-6 in healthy adults (Chirinos et al, Amer. J. Card. 95:1258-1260 (2005)), are increased in acute coronary syndromes and correlate with severity of angiographic coronary lesions (reviewed in Mezentsev, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289:H1106-H11 14 (2005)). CD31/annexin V+ apoptotoc microparticles correlate with coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (Werner et al, Arterioscler. Throm. Vase. Biol. 26:112-116 (2006), Epub Oct. 2005).

http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/fetch.jsp?SEARCH_IA=US2008000412&DBSELECT=PCT&C=10&TOTAL=37&IDB=0&TYPE_FIELD=256&SERVER_TYPE=19-10&ELEMENT_SET=B&START=1&SORT=41248521-KEY&QUERY=%28IN%2F%22haynes+barton%22%29+&RESULT=1&DISP=25&FORM=SEP-0%2FHITNUM%2CB-ENG%2CDP%2CMC%2CAN%2CPA%2CABSUM-ENG&IDOC=1444025&IA=US2008000412&LANG=ENG&DISPLAY=DESC



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