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Monday, January 28, 2008 3:20:51 PM
J Cell Physiol. 2007 Jul
Zakharova L, Svetlova M, Fomina AF.
Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Activated T lymphocytes release vesicles, termed exosomes, enriched in cholesterol and exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) at their outer membrane leaflet. Although CD4(+) activated T lymphocytes infiltrate an atherosclerotic plaque, the effects of T cell exosomes on the atheroma-associated cells are not known. We report here that exosomes isolated from the supernatants of activated human CD4(+) T cells enhance cholesterol accumulation in cultured human monocytes and THP-1 cells. Lipid droplets found in the cytosol of exosome-treated monocytes contained both cholesterol ester and free cholesterol. Anti-phosphatidylserine receptor antibodies recognized surface protein on the monocyte plasma membrane and prevented exosome-induced cholesterol accumulation, indicating that exosome internalization is mediated via endogenous phosphatidylserine receptor. The production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha enhanced in parallel with monocyte cholesterol accumulation. Our data strongly indicate that exosomes released by activated T cells may represent a powerful, previously unknown, atherogenic factor.
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I suppose this could have something to do with the increase in atheroslerosis in HIV patients..
(when you consider the devastation wreaked on CD4 T cells in early HIV infection),
j
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