Forex Education

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MACD (Moving Average Convergence / Divergence)

After delving into the world of moving averages there is no better place to go next than into the world of MACD. Why? Simple, the MACD is comprised of two moving averages. Some traders argue that there is no better technical indicator than that of the MACD, more often than not, this author tends to agree. The theory behind MACD is really the same theory behind trading any other form of a moving average cross. Generally a technical analyst can learn more from the interaction of two moving averages than he or she can learn from a single moving average in and of itself.

The MACD uses two exponential moving averages, more specifically a 12 day EMA and a 26 day EMA. The 12 day EMA is of course going to react to the market more quickly than will the 26 day EMA. When prices in the market begin to rise or trend upwards the 12 EMA will of course increase faster than will the 26 day. Visually this results in a MACD that is slanted upwards. Conversely when prices fall or trend downwards the opposite will occur and the 12 day EMA will decrease faster than will the 26 day, creating an obvious visual slant downwards. The MACD does oscillate at what would be considered a zero line. In other words, the MACD is either above or below the level that can be considered the third part of the equation. Some analysts refer to this line as the signal line, or the trigger line. Essentially this line is usually a 9 day exponential moving average of the actual MACD itself.

Whether you are a mathematician or not is hardly the point. One need not really understand the complexities of the calculations within a MACD, but rather it is only crucial to understand the basics of the math and what the MACD is trying to tell us as technical traders. For that reason, we will not further dissect the math. Instead, let us get to the point; how does a MACD forecast successful trades?
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As is the case with trading moving average crosses, buy and sell signals derived from a MACD will come from the crossing of two lines. However, these two lines are not your two EMA lines, rather one is the combined level of the two EMA lines and the second is the signal, or trigger line (the 9 day exponential moving average of the actual MACD itself). The MACD crossing the signal line from above would indicate a buy order and conversely the MACD crossing the signal line from above would indicate a sell order. ( view figure 1 )
MACD as a Histogram

The lines plotted on the bottom of the MACD are trying to tell a story as well, and traders had better listen up! Moving Average Convergence Divergence was not randomly chosen as this indicator’s name. Through the histogram we can visually gauge convergence (moving average lines of MACD moving towards one another) and divergence (moving average lines of MACD moving away from one another). ( view figure 2 )
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Notice – as the moving average lines cross the histogram will show no lines whatsoever, indicating to traders that lines (prices) should now start in a new direction. ( view figure 3 ) Very rarely does the histogram reach the point of a cross (two lines crossing and no line plotted on the histogram) and then plot lines in the same direction as the previous section of the histogram. In other words, if there is a legitimate cross, the histogram should begin indicating a new price direction.
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Consider the following strategy: watch the histogram for points where no lines or very small lines are drawn (indicating a cross), then look for strong lines up or down from that point. If after a cross, the histogram begins to plot lines at a sharp angle up or down, such should be considered an indication of a strong directional change in the market. ( view figure 4 ) If the MACD crosses, but the histogram plots a series of lines at a weak angle, perhaps the market it momentarily retracing, but overall trends may not be changing. ( view figure 5 )

Now take a look at the complete picture, figure 6 ( view figure 6 ) shows an example of two trades that should have been avoided on the MACD and one opportunity that shouldn’t have been overlooked. The first directional change is weak, lines essentially move sideways. The second directional change is strong, prices dive immediately and just three lines into the histogram a trader wise enough to short the market still has 70 pips left in this downward move. The third directional change is again weak, and is nothing more than a retracement… and indication to the trader that shorted the second move that he or she might want to secure profits… but not enter a new trade.