For those concerned about the HapMap Project, this section describes the difference between DNAPrint's work and that of the HapMap Project Team:
Admixture mapping as disclosed herein is complementary to, but distinct from, the HMP. First, the primary focus of the HMP is to understand the fine scale structure of individual genomic regions throughout the genome, whereas the present methods allows an understanding of the LD that results specifically from admixture. The level [OF LD] from admixture is on the order of millions of bases (Mb; megabases) and tens of Mb, while the HMP is focused on the level of [10'S] to [100'S OF KILOBASES (LIB),] and genomic and population features that affect the results from one project may not be noted in the other. Second, admixture mapping require accurate parental allele frequency estimates. As such, a large number of different African, Native American, European, and Asian populations have been typed (see Table 6, below), while the HMP will likely focus on one or two samples of the major population groups.
[[0116]] Third, large samples (n = 500) of African-Americans and Hispanics have been typed, thus providing sufficient statistical power to test the coverage of the admixture map and to compare analytical methods. In addition, several representative populations from different regions of the country were typed so that geographical variation in ancestral proportions and admixture dynamics can be examined. Although some admixed populations will likely be included in the HMP, the numbers of individuals and numbers of different population samples being discussed are fewer than those as disclosed herein and, therefore, will not allow the same comparisons. For example, having a sample of 10 for each of 4 ancestral groups is not adequate for the identification of sequences present preferentially in one or some of those groups ; as disclosed herein, at least 50 individuals were tested for each of several tens of ancestral groups (not just four) in order to comprehensively identify these markers.
[[0117]] Fourth, the focus of current population variation efforts (e. g. , the SNP Consortium allele frequency project) and, very likely, the HMP has been on East Asian, African, and European samples to the exclusion of Native American populations for a number of complex reasons. The exclusion of these populations, however, results in a deficit in an understanding of the genetics of the fastest growing group of US resident populations, i. e. , Hispanics, who have a significant level of Native American ancestry (20% to 40%). With the markers and methods disclosed herein, the disease genetics of Hispanic populations can be examined.
Similarly, several diverse Native American populations may represent important parental populations for the numerous distinct groups often grouped together as Hispanic.
Later,
W2P
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