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http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/114082833/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
Research Article
Genetic analysis of early holocene skeletal remains from Alaska and its implications for the settlement of the Americas
Brian M. Kemp 1 *, Ripan S. Malhi 2, John McDonough 1, Deborah A. Bolnick 3, Jason A. Eshleman 4 5, Olga Rickards 6, Cristina Martinez-Labarga 6, John R. Johnson 7, Joseph G. Lorenz 8, E. James Dixon 9, Terence E. Fifield 10, Timothy H. Heaton 11, Rosita Worl 12, David Glenn Smith 5
1Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-7703
2Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
3Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
4Trace Genetics, Inc., A DNAPrint Genomics Company, 4655 Meade Street, Richmond, CA 94804
5Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
6Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
7Department of Anthropology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA 93105
8Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08103
9Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
10Prince of Wales Island Districts, Tongass National Forest, Craig, AK 99921
11Department of Earth Science/Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069
12Sealaska Heritage Institute, One Sealaska Plaza, Suite 400, Juneau, AK 99801
email: Brian M. Kemp (brian.m.kemp@vanderbilt.edu)
*Correspondence to Brian M. Kemp, Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B #356050, Nashville, TN 37235-6050, USA
Deceased.
Funded by:
Office of Polar Programs
The National Science Foundation
The United States Forest Service
Wenner Gren Grant
Keywords
mitochondrial DNA • ancient DNA • molecular clock • phylogenetic dispersion • Y-chromosome
Abstract
Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome DNA were analyzed from 10,300-year-old human remains excavated from On Your Knees Cave on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Site 49-PET-408). This individual's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) represents the founder haplotype of an additional subhaplogroup of haplogroup D that was brought to the Americas, demonstrating that widely held assumptions about the genetic composition of the earliest Americans are incorrect. The amount of diversity that has accumulated in the subhaplogroup over the past 10,300 years suggests that previous calibrations of the mtDNA clock may have underestimated the rate of molecular evolution. If substantiated, the dates of events based on these previous estimates are too old, which may explain the discordance between inferences based on genetic and archaeological evidence regarding the timing of the settlement of the Americas. In addition, this individual's Y-chromosome belongs to haplogroup Q-M3*, placing a minimum date of 10,300 years ago for the emergence of this haplogroup. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Received: 25 March 2006; Accepted: 7 November 2006
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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