Related articles: There are no related articles Once concluded the initial stage of the conquest process and colonization of the new world, the native population in places from the Antilles to Brazil had been in almost total extermination. With this critical reality affecting the possibilities of economic growth the European colonos, mainly Spanish and Portuguese, make the decision to introduce in America which will possibly be defined in history like one of the most terrible tragedies of humility: the traffic of African slaves. This historical moment is without a doubt some crucial one for the formation of which today it constitutes the totality of the American continent, since not only with this the cultural roots of the new nations consolidate and define, but that also expands with it the genetic diversity of his human population. With the encounter of the “three races,” as it tends to generalize this process, the human sort also faces a great number of interchanges of biological type that in just a short time would extend to global magnitudes. From the medical point of view this is exemplified, among other many events, with the arrival from sífilis to possibly originating Europe of the indigenous population; the damage caused to the native ones by the European smallpox; and from Africa the arrival of the falciforme anemia or “sickle cell anemia.” The immense majority of the brought African slaves to America was native of the west of Africa, mainly of countries around Angola, Guinea and Nigeria. The commercial necessity of that then ones took them to be located in the river basin of the Caribbean and in Brazil, it stops to expand there to many other regions of the New World. With them they brought, in addition to its genetics, innumerable elements that with the passage of the years have given origin to unmistakable manifestations of social and cultural nature. We can count between these to the Afro-Caribbean rates like guaguancó; many of the more well-known typical meals, as the banana majado in its different forms; words of the daily vocabulary between which they are mangú, mofongo and gandinga; and religious expressions of Yoruba origin like the Santería and Palo Mayombe. The intention of this I articulate is not the one to deepen in the rich African influence in the American continent, but the one to take the data previously exposed like datum point stops to abound there in the thematic one that concerns the falciforme anemia in Puerto Rico as in the rest of Latin America as much and the world. From Africa the falciforme anemia arrives to us at America or in English “Sickle Cell Anemia.” The falciforme anemia is a hereditary sanguineous disease of genetic type where the hemoglobina within red globules is defective. This defect consists of which once the hemoglobina has unloaded oxygen that takes inside, assumes an abnormal structure that produces the deformation of red globules. Instead of having the round and flat form that allows them to flow with facility, these assume a rigid form and bending in sickle form that makes lose its elasticity and disables the passage to them by the smaller blood vessels. So soon this happens defective globules are piled up on others obstructing therefore the normal flow of the blood and oxygen towards the organs of the body. As consequence the person undergoes terrible episodes of pain that require hospitalization, it develops anemia, and finally irreversible damages to the different organs. The symptoms include pallor, yellow coloration, lack of air, palpitaciones, delay of the growth and puberty, susceptibility to infections, ulcers in the extremities, pain in the bones, painful fever, erections or priapismo, and blood in tinkles it among others. In order to diagnose this single disease it is required of a blood analysis, and several specific tests for the falciforme anemia, between which it is the electroforesis. Nevertheless it is much more important that the doctor gets to suspect that this disease is one of the causes for the symptoms or otherwise the risk is run of which the same one remains without being diagnosed, as it happens in many parts where the condition is considered like rare. The racial mixture has allowed that this condition no longer has skin color; this it is the case of Puerto Rico, the United States and Europe. The fact that this condition traditionally been has limited in the great majority of the cases people seen like of African ancestry, has been reason for racial and social conjectures. Time back has been called like the disease of the poor men, or the disease of the black; it has been considered also like a third-world and extremely rare disease in developed countries. Nevertheless the trajectory of this disease from the anthropological point of view is truely fascinating since it has contributed to the survival of the human sort in those regions where the malaria or paludismo exists. The falciforme anemia offers protection against the infestación of the parasite of the malaria and for this only reason its genetics has been perpetuated through so many generations. From the point of view epidemiologist, the falciforme anemia is extremely common in Nigeria where one of each 25 people dies by its complications. There nothing else about four million human beings suffer actively of her. In the United States one of each five hundred people of African ancestry they are diagnosed, and in the rest of America the statistics vary depending on the racial proportion. Although many people are not affected by the disease, exists the possibility that many are carrying more of the gene. Until now the treatment of the disease he is one of type continuous and focused to the handling and control of the symptoms, particularly the pain crises. Vitaminic supplements are used that stimulate the formation of the blood, analgesic, blood transfusions, and known a very complex and risky medicine like Hydroxurea. Obvious these treatments are not curativos and offer very few expectations in which to the prevention it talks about. Also the option of the transplant of bony marrow exists for some cases. The falciforme anemia is considered in the United States and Europe like a rare condition that it affects less than 200000 people and reason why has few possibilities that a greater pharmaceutical company takes the reins and investigates other alternatives for its treatment, since the costs incurred the process of investigation and launching hardly serian recovered. Therefore the National Institute of Salud (NIH) in the United States recognizes the falciforme anemia like a rare condition, and the Administration of Foods and Drogas (FDA) considers to the new potentials medicines for this, and other types of rare conditions, like orphaned drugs - in English” Orphan Drugs.” This designation that recognizes drugs under her like effective for the described condition, offers a great number of financial incentives to the pharmaceutical companies interested in the development, investigation and sale of the same ones. This is designed thus to bring to the market products that of another way never would see the public light due to the expensive thing of the process. Once approved one orphan” within the United States drugs “, their possibilities of acceptance in the rest of the world where the condition is common increase considerably, and with it the economic incentives for the companies and their investors. With this information given until now, we can deduce that the historical picture that it defines to the falciforme anemia and his treatment has been very flattering and remains little hopeful still today as much doctor as socially. Then, that there is in the future for an effective treatment? Naturally, where the condition abounds must also abound the knowledge and the options for its handling, and from Nigeria it arrives to us nowadays what pretends to be the best alternative for the treatment of the falciforme anemia and the prevention of its complications. By generations the native ones of Nigeria have practiced the use of medicinal grass as much in their religious rites as in their homemade treatments. This fact we can observe it in the traditional practices of the afro-Caribbean religions that descend from them. Within which it pretends to be like a natural remedy with grass, used by generations of tribal healers and made on the fire of a primitive stove, perhaps a treatment accepted by the western traditional medicine like the safest and effective alternative for the prevention arises from the crises caused by the falciforme anemia. This treatment represents the moment where the traditional and primitive practices with modern medical science are eeted again. Taking the millenarian knowledge from the tribal tradition, the National Institute for the Development and the Pharmaceutical investigation in Nigeria (NIPRD) it has developed a new drug that consists of the mixture of the extract of four native tropical plants of the region. This patentizada mixture and property of the town of Nigeria that consists of guineenses seeds of Piper, stems of Pterocapus osum, fruit of Eugenia caryophyllum, and leaves of Sorghum two-color pencil, have been accepted by the World-wide Organization of Salud (WHO) like safe and effective treatment against the falciforme anemia. Hardly in the 2003 in the United States FDA grants the status of “Orphan drug” to this compound, thing that definitively gives to validity and scientific recognition to this millenarian but new treatment him. A similar decision was tomoda in the European Community almost at the same time. In its beginnings the drug comenzo to investigate itself under the name of Niprisan, but finally will be known in Africa like Nicosan, and the United States and Europe like Hemoxin. Under the auspice of the company Xechem International, with it yields in New Jersey, the drug began phase I of investigation in the United States. These studies were made in the National Institute of the Heart, Lung and Blood located in Children' s Hospital of Philadelphia, and also surrounding to the Universities Howard and Rutgers. In recent and short term studies the drug has been to be effective and free of indirect effect. During last the 3 Nigeria years it has produced most of the clinical studies in alive patients and the worse reported complications to date have been for some patients the gastroesofágico ebb tide and the diarrea. Finally Nicosan/Hemoxin has been approved by equivalent to the FDA in Nigeria (NAFDAC) for the use and the distribution in this country just the past 3 of Julio of this anus, with a permission of at least two anuses until they finish phase III of investigation. This phase is for confirming how surely is the medicine in the long term. Day 6 of Julio of 2006 president Nigeriano Olusegun Obasanjo inaugurated the facilities of production of Nicosan/Hemoxin in industrial complex SHESTCO, Abuja Nigeria. For August of year 2006, the reports of sales demonstrate that in only a month from the launching of the drug, the demand inside and outside Nigeria they have exceeded considerably the most bold initial expectations. The price per month is expected is between $12,00 to $20.00. The approval in Nigeria has been one of the events more waited for this year, since this solidifies the efforts of that country technologically to enter the rows of the countries advancing industrialist and, and also will accelerate the process of approval in other countries where the presence of falciforme anemia is high. Also this event delay speeds up investigativos under the FDA in the United States and Europe. With this I have wanted to present/display the odyssey of the development of a unique product; since it is considered like a done drug of grass, not synthesized chemically; accepted by medical science like safe and effective alternative for a rare condition with few alternatives of treatment; that it counts on the endorsement and recognition of the FDA in the United States; that one originates of tribal naturalistic practices and milinerias; that it is developed not by a super pharmaceutics of industrialized nation, but by a small company in a developing African nation. This podria to sound like a history of cenicienta, but is not it. It is a reality based on pure science, and list to help all the humanity. In the river basin of the Caribbean the number of cases of falciforme anemia is considerable, and for such reason the zone could fertile land for the rest of it necessary clinical tests. Of course, this depending on which the local academic centers and their investigating scientists take the interest and initiative to become involved in this avanze doctor. Nicosan/Hemoxin belongs to the Nigerian town and this being developed by the company Xechem International under the direction of the Dr Ramesh C. Pandey, M.Sc., Ph.D., D.D.G. FAIC, Head, Main Executive Official, and founder of Xechem, Inc. Xechem International is also active in the manufacture of other drugs of generic type like antibiotics and drugs for the cancer, and is in addition leader in the investigation to the VIH in Africa
