How Ray Dalio Discovered the Strategy That He Called the Holy Grail of Investing that Made Him a Multi Billionaire
Ryan Targo
Apr 18
Ray Dalio is a Billionaire “investing coach” and is famous for teaching his students what he calls, “the holy grail of investing.”
He would never tell his followers to just play only offense and not bother playing any defense. Yet, nearly all the mutual fund managers on Wall Street only play offense, always betting that stocks will go up no matter how bad the economic conditions get.
They stick with this “buy and hold” practice even when it is obvious to them that the economy is in recession or the Fed is raising interest rates drastically.
If they can convince their clients to just “hold” they can keep charging them fees non-stop.
Unfortunately, this stubborn belief cost the investors in these “offense only” funds dearly with the Nasdaq 100 Index down -32.5% for 2022.
There is Obviously a Better Way
In his book Principles, multi billionaire hedge fund manager Ray Dalio called diversification the “Holy Grail of Investing.” The diversification he is referring to is not owning a portfolio that is a one way bet on stocks going up.
If you own hundreds of stocks, and the stockmarket is down a lot, you are still down big. That isn’t diversification. That is putting all of your eggs in one basket.
Ray Dalio’s version of “real” diversification made him a fortune that exceeds 22 Billion according to Forbes. This type of diversification between equities, commodities, currencies, and bonds makes him money in bull markets and bear markets.
Ray Dalio’s Holy Grail of Investing
Below is Dalio’s explanation of the holy grail of investing that made him wealthy far beyond what he could spend in his lifetime.
That simple chart struck me with the same force I imagine Einstein must have felt when he discovered E=mc2: I saw that with fifteen to twenty good, uncorrelated return streams, I could dramatically reduce my risks without reducing my expected returns… I called it the “Holy Grail of Investing” because it showed the path to making a fortune.
Chart of BNP CASA Index II That Diversifies Between Equities, Commodities, Bonds, Credit, and Currency
Here is how the math works:
If you have 1 return stream like the S&P 500 you earn a 1x return/risk ratio
Combining 2 uncorrelated return streams like stocks and bonds earns a 1.41x return/risk ratio
Combining 4 uncorrelated return streams like stocks, commodities, currencies, and bonds can earn a 2x return/risk ratio
How Diversification Can Make Your Returns Fly Without Increasing Your Risk
Traditional investments like stocks make big money during a boom and lose big during a recession. The key to getting beyond this boom and bust cycle to create a steady path towards financial freedom is balancing offensive strategies that do well when the economy is growing with defensive strategies that generate big returns during a recession.
It should be common sense that you could easily beat something like the S&P 500 that only plays offense and gets clobbered during a downturn with a balanced strategy that makes money steadily rather than making it and giving it back.
Applying Offense and Defense to Build Dalio’s All Weather Portfolio
The key to building an all weather portfolio that can make money whether the economy is booming, in recession, inflating, or deflating is deploying a strategy that works for each of these “seasons.”
A) Economy Booming: Equities do very well
B) Economy Tanking: Trend following strategies that short markets that are tanking typically thrive during bear markets like 2022, 2008, and 2000–2002.
C) Inflation: Investments in commodities thrive when inflation is ripping
