Tornado Alley (PROG)

[BOREALIS]

MASS ATTACKS IN PUBLIC SPACES: 2016 - 2020

PUBLISHED JULY 2020
United States Secret Service
NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT CENTER

MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR

For 25 years, the U.S. Secret Service’s National Threat Assessment Center (NTAC) has enhanced the agency’s protective and investigative operations and supported our no-fail mission to safeguard this nation’s highest elected officials. NTAC’s pioneering research and expertise continue to inform the development of prevention and protection strategies employed by the Secret Service and have further assisted our public safety partners in their efforts to prevent targeted violence impacting communities across the United States.
This important work continues with the release of NTAC’s most recent publication, Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016 – 2020.

This five-year study analyzes 173 targeted attacks that occurred from 2016 to 2020 in public or semi-public locations in the United States, including businesses, schools, houses of worship, open spaces, and other locations where we live our daily lives. This is the latest entry in a series of reports that examine attacks during which three or more individuals were injured or killed. By applying NTAC’s unique behavioral analysis to incidents of targeted violence occurring over a five-year period, Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016 - 2020. represents NTAC’s most comprehensive examination to date of mass violence and its perpetrators.

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United States Secret Service
NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT CENTER

Page 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................ii
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................2
OVERVIEW OF THE ATTACKS ..........................................................................................4
TIMING ................................................................................................................................. 4
LOCATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 6
TARGETING & HARM CAUSED...................................................................................... 7
RESOLUTION....................................................................................................................... 9
MOTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 10
PLANNING ......................................................................................................................... 12
WEAPONS .......................................................................................................................... 15
ADDITIONAL ITEMS BROUGHT FOR THE ATTACK .............................................. 18
THE ATTACKERS ................................................................................................................19
DEMOGRAPHICS ............................................................................................................. 19
EMPLOYMENT .................................................................................................................. 20
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR .................................................................................................... 21
SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE ...................................................................................... 24
MENTAL HEALTH ............................................................................................................ 24
BELIEF SYSTEMS .............................................................................................................. 27
FIXATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 30
INTEREST IN VIOLENCE OR WEAPONS.................................................................... 31
SOCIAL ISOLATION ......................................................................................................... 32
BULLYING AND HARASSING OTHERS....................................................................... 32
STRESSORS WITHIN FIVE YEARS ............................................................................... 33
BEHAVIORAL CHANGES ................................................................................................ 36
CONCERNING BEHAVIORS ........................................................................................... 38
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................50
SUMMARY AND TABLES...................................................................................................52
ENDNOTES ...........................................................................................................................59

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https://www.secretservice.gov/sites/default/files/reports/2023-01/usss-ntac-maps-2016-2020.pdf