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Climate change in Albania and the region: status, mitigation and challenges

May 22, 2022

In Albania, hydropower sources produce more than 95% of the country's electricity. The share of total demand for renewable energy, including hydropower, fell from 42% in 2000 to 22% in 2007.

The expected increase, in the long run, of the average seasonal and annual temperature in Albania and the decrease of the seasonal and annual rainfall will reduce (in the long run) the average annual and seasonal water flow. It is predicted that a 20% reduction in rainfall will cause a 60% reduction in production. This means that while hydropower plants can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, support for hydropower generation could increase a country's vulnerability to climate change. The rainfall regime is also important for agriculture, which is still the backbone of the Albanian economy. In the transition from communist rule to multi-party democracy, Albania has undergone major political, institutional and socio-economic changes and governments have struggled with high unemployment, widespread corruption, weak infrastructure and strong organized crime networks, all in a contested political environment. The transition from a centrally planned state to a modern open economy has been difficult, but the government has adopted a package of fiscal reforms aimed at reducing the "gray" economy and attracting foreign investment.

The realization of specific activities is also at a low level. The reason for this lies in the insufficient commitment of decision makers to make significant changes in the area of ??climate change transition (lower level of economic development, lack of investment, maintenance of social peace).
Based on all the facts mentioned above, it was proved that the Western Balkans can play an important role in increasing the impact of the European Green Agreement. This region has a large, developed renewable energy capacity, with a highly developed hydropower capacity. Leaving the Western Balkans out of the European Green Agreement could lead to inequality in electricity prices with EU countries.

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