PCT Ltd (PCTL)

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Sand for fracking is now 3 times as expensive as it was last year, and it's one of several reasons US oil production isn't increasing!! Mar 23, 2022

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has knocked 1.5 million barrels of oil per day out of the global supply. With prices spiking, US oil producers have not significantly stepped up production. One reason: the special sand needed for fracking is 185% more expensive.

Frac sand is made of silica crystals processed from pure sandstone, with a small grain size and round shape that allows natural fluids like oil and water to pass between them. At a drilling site, sand is mixed with water and special chemicals, then injected into the ground at high pressure to break up shale to release and pump out the oil inside.

That material now costs between $40 and $45 per ton, Rystad Energy analyst Ryan Hassler told Axios — nearly 185% higher than last year. Two years ago, sand prices were in the teens.

While some of the frac sand used by drillers in Texas and New Mexico is sourced locally, a lot is actually shipped in from Wisconsin via rail.

"We can't get enough sand," Tall City Exploration CEO Michael Oestmann told the wire service last month. "We're running less than the number of (fracking) stages we could pump in a day because we've run out of sand every day."
https://www.businessinsider.com/frac-sand-one-reason-us-oil-production-not-increasing-2022-3

Why none of this really matters when it comes to PCT LTD EOR Nano-Catholyte™ Technology.

CAN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY PRODUCE MORE OIL OUTPUT THAN FRACKING
The Need for Fracking and Enhanced Oil Recovery
Oil is considered the most important fuel for energy and transportation needs around the globe, so enhanced oil recovery vs fracking is a hot topic of conversation for oil industry investors.

In the United States, oil fields tapped out by conventional drilling methods are still laden with extensive amounts of oil trapped in the shale. Producing more oil output could only be achieved with innovative techniques to release this trapped oil from existing wells.

Fracking has been used for years to extract the hard to reach oil and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is quickly becoming a promising route for producing more oil output than fracking.

What are the differences between the two methods?
The Fracking Process
Fracking uses water and chemicals forced into rock formations under high pressure to crack the rock, release the trapped oil, and push it to the surface.

Fracking has proven to be a huge success that has brought the price of petroleum and resulting petroleum products down.

The fracking industry has become cost-effective for delivering higher outputs of oil. However, many critics question the extreme water usage and environmental pollution associated with fracking.

Enhanced Oil Recovery
The enhanced recovery idea has been around a long time but was not financially viable until now.

EOR encompasses the newest techniques (Nano-Catholyte™) used in the oil industry for producing more oil output by using methods such as pumping carbon dioxide (CO2) into existing oil wells to release trapped oil from rock formations and extend well productivity.

The CO2 acts like a lubricant and releases an impressive amount of oil that even fracking can’t reach. Oil fields in New Mexico and Texas are currently profiting from this method, with plans to tap existing fields across the country soon.

The Benefits of EOR
The benefits of enhanced oil recovery vs fracking are the highlight of the use of steam, CO2, water, or other fluids> (Nano-Catholyte™) instead of a chemical/water mixture to release trapped oil.

Existing oil well projects as well as the production skyrockets, sometimes bringing up more oil than during initial drilling.

CO2-based EOR is a preferred method that offers the reward of trapping CO2 underground during the process. Reducing CO2 levels from our air and sealing it within the earth’s surface keeps global-warming activists quiet.

Another enhanced recovery process is the use of de-watering technology that turns water soaked oil into the clean water for human or agricultural use, lowering industry pollution further.

Is Fracking on its Way Out?
EOR could produce up to 4 million additional barrels per day in the United States alone. As the use of these new oil recovery methods (Nano-Catholyte™) spread, more output is expected to add to our crude oil reserves.

With the overall lessened environmental impact of (Nano-Catholyte™) when paired with heightened oil recovery it will make enhanced oil recovery solutions a favorite as their benefits outperform traditional fracking methods.
https://www.nakasawaresources.com/en/enhanced-oil-recovery-vs-fracking/