NanoViricides Inc. (NNVC)

[Raffis]

Here it is: “Favirpravir is a broad-spectrum nucleoside-like analog drug that is in clinical testing against SARS-CoV-2, originally developed by Fujifilm. We tested these drug candidates for anti-viral effectiveness against two distinctly different, unrelated coronaviruses that cause human disease, namely hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-229E. The assays evaluated the reduction caused by the drug candidate in cell death upon viral infection, formally known as cytopathic effects (CPE) assays.
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001379006/000110465921125343/tm2124471d1_10k.htm
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We found that the same two nanoviricides drug candidates were highly effective against hCoV-NL63, the coronavirus that uses the same cellular receptor as SARS-CoV-2, as well as another coronavirus, namely hCoV-229E, that causes seasonal common colds in humans. HCoV-229E uses the APN (Aminopeptidase-N) membrane protein on human cells as its receptor to enter cells, different from the ACE2 receptor used by hCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 and APN may be considered to belong to a common superfamily of enzyme membrane proteins in terms of biophysics. The various receptors used by different coronaviruses all appear to fall in the broad family of membrane-associated serine proteases. As a family, they share several structural features. Their substrate specificities are dictated by specific amino acid residues and their positions.”