Relief Therapeutics Holding AG (RLFTF)

[changes_iv]

Using RNA as the genetic material is very efficient (a single strand is easier and cheaper to make than two!), but it is also very likely to develop errors during replication relative to using double stranded DNA (like human beings use). Among other problems with this viral strategy is that this means that viruses that use RNA often mutate very fast. Good thing that human beings use DNA to store their genetic information! ————

RNA viruses make this high mutation rate work for them. The high mutation rate of RNA viruses is one reason why it is difficult to make effective vaccines against many of these types of viruses. ———-

Positive-sense RNA viruses account for a large fraction of all known human viruses, including many well-known pathogens such as HIV (the AIDS virus), hepatitis C virus (liver cancer), rhinoviruses (common cold), West Nile virus, Dengue virus, Zika, SARS and MERS coronaviruses, and COVID-19. Even though the single stranded RNA strategy comes with the problem of high mutation rate, these viruses replicate so efficiently, and produce so many viruses so fast, that it does not slow them down. In fact, the high mutation rate is sort of an advantage for viruses- it makes it easy for them to evolve and adapt to a new host (you and me) very rapidly, and to adapt to escape immunity in the animals that they infect (including us). ————

There have been reports of the virus’ genome being different at various time points within an individual. Another RNA virus with this capability that we are all familiar with is HIV. ————

(For those of you paying attention, smash these ideas together with 1) escape mutants against a vaccine with a target of a single protein (spike in this case) and 2) why we don't have a vaccine for HIV and the common cold...)

https://www.rwmalonemd.com/news

WHAT DOES SWEDEN KNOW THAT WE DON’T? ~ RW Malone MD ————
Sweden also banned the entry of citizens from the United States, Kosovo, Lebanon, Montenegro, and North Macedonia. ————

Interior Minister Mikael Damberg told news outlets that the sharp increases in COVID-19 cases in Israel, the United States, and other countries are the reason why they were removed from Sweden’s travel ban exemption. Despite Israel’s mass vaccination campaign, the virus has continued to spread, Damberg said. ————
According to a news release from the Swedish government, it will reintroduce a travel ban on Israel, the U.S., and other countries starting from Sept. 6. ————

https://www.theepochtimes.com/sweden-bans-travelers-from-israel-one-of-the-most-vaccinated-nations_3978811.html

Measles Cases Bring Temporary Halt to Afghans’ Arrival in U.S. ————
The C.D.C. asked that the evacuation flights from overseas bases be suspended after four Afghans were found to be infected.

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/10/us/politics/measles-afghanistan-refugees.html

The pathogen. The measles virus is a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus and the family Paramyxoviridae. The virus is related to several viruses that infect animals, including the Canine Distemper Virus.

https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/measles/facts

The virus crosses the blood-brain barrier and enters the brain in around 1 in 1,000 people. This can cause swelling in the brain that may be life-threatening. An infection in the lungs causes a person to cough, which transmits the virus to other people. ————
**Rash: yes: itchy red rash that eventually forms blisters
Contagious period: up to two days until rash develops and then until spots scab over
**Lesions in mouth: yes: blisters can form in the mouth

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37135


On February 23, NeuroRx said the Phase IIb/III COVID-AIV trial (NCT04311697) of Zyesami (aviptadil, previously RLF-100™) for the treatment of respiratory failure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 has shown multidimensional benefit around its prespecified primary endpoint of recovery from respiratory failure with discharge from hospital and ICU (without relapse) by day 28 in patients with critical COVID-19 who were treated with High Flow Nasal Oxygen. The trial was conducted at 10 U.S. hospitals under the direction of NeuroRx and its Swiss partner Relief Therapeutics. https://www.genengnews.com/covid-19-candidates/relief-therapeutics/ NRx Pharmaceuticals has reported additional data from Phase IIb/III clinical trial where its drug, Zyesami (aviptadil), offered a rise in blood oxygen within a day in critical Covid-19 patients with acute respiratory failure. Zyesami is a synthetic form of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), which attaches selectively to the alveolar type II cell (ATII) in the air sac (alveolus) of the lung. The latest analysis results showed that subjects receiving Zyesami had improvement in blood oxygen, which signifies improved lung function, within a day of commencing therapy. … “The benefit was seen across all patients, all baseline severities, and all types of hospitals. “We believe this new finding illustrates Zyesami’s mechanism of action in a placebo-controlled trial and supports our application for breakthrough therapy designation to the FDA.” https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/nrx-zyesami-covid-trial/