NSAV Holding Inc (NSAV)

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Transforming Transportation through Blockchain Technology
Blockchain is a distributed ledger of transactions, developed originally as the accounting
platform for the virtual currency, Bitcoin. The technology is used to verify transactions, creating
records that cannot be changed or deleted. Verification is accomplished in a decentralized
manner through a network of participants, or distributed nodes, rather than through a third party,
such as a bank or credit card company. One of the promises of blockchain is that it can reduce
the administrative costs of that third-party validation, or potentially eliminate them altogether.
This report examines various blockchain applications in transportation. Potential benefits of
those applications include the following.
? Increasing transparency and efficiency in supply chain routes, particularly with
documents that change hands numerous times between shippers, carriers, customs agents,
banks, and ports.
? Preventing cyberattacks on connected vehicles, since their presence in the Internet of
Things exposes them to such attacks on multiple surfaces, including Wi-Fi, cellular
networks, and toll transactions. Gaining unauthorized access to a single vehicle may be of
little value, but access to the uploading of information from vehicles to broader networks
likely would be of value.
? Reducing tolling costs by eliminating the fees that tolling agencies pay on credit card
transactions, estimated at more than $300 million annually nationwide. Blockchain could
also facilitate the adoption of a nationwide interoperable system in which customers
could use a single account to pay tolls on any toll road in the nation.
? Facilitating automated payments from vehicles for things other than toll transactions,
including fuel purchases, vehicle registration renewals, routine maintenance, etc.
? Introducing the possibility of true peer-to-peer ride sharing and fractional ownership of
vehicles, which could reduce the role of, or eliminate the need for, third-party providers
currently operating as companies such as Uber and Lyft.
? Improving the architecture of the Internet of Things devices deployed at transportation
facilities, by providing a decentralized alternative to the server-client model; the
decentralized blockchain alternative could eliminate bottlenecks which are unsecured and
subject to single points of failure which could result in entire system failures.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://static.tti.tamu.edu/tti.tamu.edu/documents/PRC-17-13-F.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwibsKj0yfTvAhUaQ80KHdGSCRMQFjANegQIExAC&usg=AOvVaw13tEJBmK8g6ZYm0RIhy8ID