Humanigen Inc (HGENQ)

[DonDonDonDon]

Anti-Inflammation, Immunomodulation and Therapeutic Repair in Current Clinical Trials for the Management of COVID-19

https://www.dovepress.com/anti-inflammation-immunomodulation-and-therapeutic-repair-in-current-c-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DDDT

Cytokines are central to the immunopathology of COVID-19 and some play a dual role, as is shown that they may confer detriment and benefit to patients with COVID-19 pneumonia complications. GM-CSF and G-CSF act as the pro-inflammatory cytokine that partially contributes to a hyper-inflammatory state.5 Mechanistically, downstream signaling cascades of GM-CSF are induced through JAK2 pathway, which acts on various downstream cytokines.58 In this regard, targeting GM-CSF may mitigate the hyperinflammatory state for curbing lung damage. One recent single-centre prospective cohort clinical study showed that administration of Mavrilimumab, an anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody, improved clinical outcomes in thirteen non-mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and hyperinflammation.59 Another randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrated that Lenzilumab, another anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody, was safe and effective for the treatment of severe COVID-19.60 Currently, there are twelve clinical trials underway to explore a novel approach for the treatment of COVID-19 through targeting of human GM-CSF.