In a mouse model of acute viral hepatitis, the absence of PD-1 is associated not only with more rapid virus clearance but also with more severe hepatitis (Iwai et al., 2003). These results imply that the stimulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis during the acute phase of virus infection helps to adjust the strength and quality of the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell attack so that the good (virus elimination) and the bad (tissue damage) is balanced, preventing excessive tissue damage.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6584848/
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