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Wednesday, December 16, 2020 1:17:30 AM
GM-CSF affects a part of the equation in COVID-19. CCR5 blockade breaks down a myriad of feedback loops.
Maraviroc also protected against development of macroscopic and microscopic damage and colonic shortening and was as effective as prednisolone at preventing DSS-induced changes in colonic levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-17 and GM-CSF
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep30802
One of the pathways for CCR5 downregulation of GM-CSF.
Downregulation of IL-4 as shown above. IL-4 increases IFN-y, reduction of IL-4 decreases IFN-y
a role for IL-4 in enhancing IFN-? expression
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/102/1/207/16816/IL-4-synergistically-enhances-both-IL-2-and-IL-12
Interferon (IFN)? treatment upregulated nuclear IL-33
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795790/
IL-33 is responsible for upregulation of GM-CSF.
and enhance IL-33-induced pathologic expansion of T cells expressing GM-CSF
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanrhe/article/PIIS2665-9913(20)30340-4/fulltext#seccestitle50
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