Avid Bioservices Inc (CDMO)

[biopharm]

Choe publicly backing PS Targeting (March 27, 2014) when state stated "This is where the trouble begins..." when PS flips to the outside of the cellular membrane. She seems to be raising the alarm "arms race" on these viruses below.

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"Scientifically, it's as good as it gets because you're married to the collabo­rator that you trust the most," he said. "Sometimes it seeps into the marriage half of lifeâ??and sometimes work creeps too much into life. But on balance I would call it a good thing. It's no question that it helps the marriage, it strengthens it because you're with somebody who knows all aspects of you."

Having settled into a condo on the beach in Juno Beach, both are glad to be at Scripps Florida and in Florida.

They walk on the beach. Choe admits that Farzan does it more than she does and that she was a little worried about how hot it would be when they finally settled into the Sunshine State.

"I thought it would be too hot and too humid," she said, "but we adapted to it so fast and now we can't live anywhere else. It's so funny that I worried about the weather."

So why does all this matter ? ...It matters because we first see for how long, many...like Choe and spouse Farzan have been studying PS Targeting to fight HIV and we have some news from Farzan recently..

HIV Vaccine Demonstrates Durability Against Hard-to-Fight Strains
Publish Date:

Wednesday, July 31, 2019

An investigational vaccine successfully protected against hard-to-fight HIV strains, with long-term efficacy from a single inoculation, according to a study published in Science Translational Medicine.


The vaccine, developed by researchers at the Scripps Research Florida campus, was tested against SIVmac239, also called the â??death starâ? strain, which is known for being seemingly indestructible, according to the study. SIVmac239 is a type of simian immunodeficiency virus that replicates HIV in primates.

Different from most conventional vaccines, this vaccine uses a safe virus to fight the dangerous one, using muscle cells rather than immune cells to generate protective agents. The lab-made adeno-associated virus (AAV) carries a protective protein called eCD4-Ig, ****** which features 2 HIV co-receptors: CD4 and CCR5. ****** Once injected into the muscle, the vaccine causes muscle cells to produce this protective protein, which prevents HIV from being able to infect.

â??We have solved 2 problems that have plagued HIV vaccine studies to dateâ??namely, the absence of duration of response and the absence of breadth of response,â? lead author Michael Farzan, PhD, said in a press release. â??No other vaccine, antibody, or biologic protects against the 2 viruses for which we have demonstrated robust protection.â?

For the study, the researchers tested the ability of eCD4-Ig to prevent SIVmac239 infection in macaques, administering eCD4-Ig to primates with the AAV before repeated escalated doses of the infection. Overall, the findings showed that the vaccine offered complete protection from high-dose SIVmac239 challenges that infected all 8 of the research animals. However, the study showed that animals could eventually become infected when exposed to atypically large loads of HIV, and that the virus is also capable of developing resistance to eCD4-Ig.

Subsequent analysis showed viral loads in the treated group were lower and eCD4-Ig put selective pressure on SIV, according to the study.

â??The results of our paper are encouraging for the potential of AAV as a platform for prevention of disease generally, and in concert with eCD4 as an agent for stopping HIV infection,â? Dr Farzan concluded. â??We hope ultimately to prove that our approach is safe for both infected and at-risk persons at a cost that makes it useable everywhere.â?

References

Farzan M,
Gardner MR,
Fellinger CH, et al.

AAV-delivered eCD$-Ig protects rhesus macaques from high-dose SIVmac239 challenges. Science Translational Medicine. 2019. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau5409

https://www.specialtypharmacytimes.com/news/hiv-vaccine-demonstrates-durability-against-hard-to-fight-strains

So do we need to target flipped PS? Yes

Although some may try to claim they are targeting something else, another receptor that they thought but yes, if many look closer.

Some below come right out and tell us about Phosphatidylserine ..flipped PS and how critical it is to target, just like Choe told us back in March 2014

Looks like we have an update coming soon and I still think we get our new BOD member soon enough so they also can enjoy cheap breadcrumb share stock options ...for now.

Fusion Stage of HIV-1 Entry Depends on Virus- Induced Cell Surface Exposure of Phosphatidylserine

Page 1 of 33

Highlights

-HIV-cell binding triggers phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the cell surface

-PS exposure depends on gp120-coreceptor interactions, Ca2+ signaling, and TMEM16F

-Suppression of PS exposure inhibits Env restructuring, viral fusion, and infection

-PS signaling, a hallmark of activation, facilitates HIV entry

Elena Zaitseva,1
Eugene Zaitsev,1
Kamran Melikov,1
Anush Arakelyan,2
Mariana Marin,3
Rafael Villasmil,4
Leonid B. Margolis,2
Gregory B. Melikyan,3 and
Leonid V. Chernomordik1,5,*

1Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

2Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

3Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

4Flow Cytometry Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

5Lead Contact

*Correspondence: [e-mail]
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https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/pdfExtended/S1931-3128(17)30252-4