Patients do deserve best and PS Targeting works so well, that some have been paid to spread lies it seems so ask why, some simply keep trying
Will Laura Benjamin CEO of Oncologie International dare advance PS Targeting fully, or is it too much for her to Bayer? A company formed within 30 days of Peregrine making a last minute (no competitive bidding as Medarex shareholders went thru ) breadcrumb deal ? Those answers have yet to be seen
Avid Bioservices receives how much from royalties and milestones and bonuses from PS Targeting approvals? Plus all manufacturing
When Billions have been spent on cancer progress and we are right back to prior times when Big Pharma refused to seek answers of using ones immune system to fight back ....now they must, due to imaging and imaging that proves that PS Targeting works
From humans to animals to plants, (Upstream) PS Targeting controls the downstream events
There are Billions of lives to feed out there, Crop Science has just now caught up with The Enlightenment Age of Disease ...that will make crop producers Billions and save them Billions by not wasting toxic additives to crops that do more harm than good
Australia a good place to start and time to get to the root of the problem!
Developmental control of plant Rho GTPase nano-organization by the lipid phosphatidylserine
Matthieu Pierre Platre1, Vincent Bayle1, Laia Armengot1, Joseph Bareille1, Maria del Mar Marquès-Bueno1, Audrey Creff1, Lilly Maneta-Peyret2, Jean-Bernard Fiche3, Marcelo Nollmann3, Christine Miège1, Patrick Moreau2,4, Alexandre Martinière5, Yvon Jaillais1,*
1Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France.
2UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS–University of Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France.
3Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
4Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
5BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Vol. 364, Issue 6435, pp. 57-62 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav9959
GTPase clustering in response to a hormone
Some lipid variants that are rare in plasma membranes function as signaling components. Studying root tip cells of the model plant Arabidopsis, Platre et al. found that phosphatidylserine, which is relatively abundant in plasma membranes, also modulates signaling pathways. Phosphatidylserine is required for the clustering of ROP6, a small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), in membranes in response to signals from the plant hormone auxin. Changes in phosphatidylserine concentration altered the clustering of ROP6 and thus the auxin signaling response.
Science, this issue p. 57
Abstract Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are master regulators of cell signaling, but how they are regulated depending on the cellular context is unclear. We found that the phospholipid phosphatidylserine acts as a developmentally controlled lipid rheostat that tunes Rho GTPase signaling in Arabidopsis. Live superresolution single-molecule imaging revealed that the protein Rho of Plants 6 (ROP6) is stabilized by phosphatidylserine into plasma membrane nanodomains, which are required for auxin signaling. Our experiments also revealed that the plasma membrane phosphatidylserine content varies during plant root development and that the level of phosphatidylserine modulates the quantity of ROP6 nanoclusters induced by auxin and hence downstream signaling, including regulation of endocytosis and gravitropism. Our work shows that variations in phosphatidylserine levels are a physiological process that may be leveraged to regulate small GTPase signaling during development.
