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Electric vehicle business model in China and the policies to be adopted

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Exploration on the innovation of electric vehicle business model and measures to be taken

The Development Research center of the State Council recently released the "China's electric vehicle business model innovation Exploration and should take the policy" (hereinafter referred to as "policy"), on China's electric vehicle business model of the significance, examples and obstacles, and so on, and put forward policy recommendations.

The full text of the policy is as follows:

Exploration on the innovation of electric vehicle business model in China and the policies to be adopted

As a new energy transportation vehicle, electric vehicle is a strategic emerging industry in our country, with the support of a series of national policies in recent years, China has made great progress in the development and production of electric vehicle, but it has a certain distance from the fully mature technology. At present, with no major technological breakthroughs in battery technology, exploring the innovation of business model is of great significance to realize the commercialization and scale development of electric vehicles.

The innovation of business model is an important way to solve the problem of electric vehicle industrialization

Business model innovation is as important as product innovation and service innovation, and integrates with technological innovation to promote each other. The innovation of business model helps to promote the commercialization and industrialization of electric vehicles.

1. Automotive power technology changes will lead to new business models

Electric cars differ greatly from traditional cars. First, the supply network is different: electricity and fuel are common forms of energy carriers in our lives, but electricity is more universal. In office buildings, residential buildings, shopping malls, open-air parks, power supplies are almost everywhere in life. And because of the widespread use in daily life, the use of electricity standards, safety norms are very mature, which makes electricity and fuel compared to the more dense network appearance in the whole city, even in the countryside.

Second, the energy supply time is different.

The fuel used by traditional automobiles is mainly petrol and diesel. This kind of petrochemical fuel exists in liquid mode at ambient temperature and pressure. Therefore, in the energy supply, it takes only about 4 or 5 minutes to fill the tank with a volume of around 60L and keep the supplied vehicle running for about 500 kilometres. Electric cars use energy for electricity. Under the existing technical conditions, a battery full of 16kw.h often takes 6-8 hours. Although there is now a fast charging technology, through special charger to improve the charging current, but because the rapid charge will have a serious irreversible effect on the battery, so fast charge does not become a widely used charging method. So if you use a normal charge for energy supply, then it takes 6-8 hours or more to do an energy supply, and it's only for the supplied vehicle to run around 150Km.

Three, the battery and the fuel tank accounted for a different proportion of the value.

In traditional cars, the tank as a general fuel container, the price of about hundreds of yuan, just a $number million sedan 1% less than. In an electric car, if the battery is seen as a container for electrical energy, it will take up about 50% of the total value of the whole vehicle, including batteries.

These huge differences determine that electric cars must take different business models from traditional cars. If the value of the battery is greater and can be standardized, can be replaced, so can explore the way of vehicle separation, consumers can purchase a separate battery-free car, and then rental battery, which requires the battery must be technically to meet the requirements of frequent replacement, and not because the replacement of the battery to affect the performance of the vehicle; Because of the low cost of electric vehicles, renting electric vehicles is more competitive than renting traditional cars, and the model of electric vehicle leasing is likely to be a very important way to realize the industrialization of electric vehicles.

2. Business model innovation is an important way to solve the problem of electric vehicle industrialization

In order to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by automobiles, all countries are committed to develop and popularize pure electric vehicles. However, the industrialization and popularization of pure electric vehicle is more than that of traditional automobiles, such as high price, short mileage, slow driving speed, long charging time, incomplete charging facilities and waste battery management. The short mileage of electric vehicle is the most concerned performance problem. Conventional cars add a tank of oil to the 400-500km, while the average electric vehicle has only about 100km-150km after a single charge. The high price of power battery determines the characteristics of high cost of electric vehicles. Compared with conventional cars at the same level, electric cars are priced at about twice times the price of traditional cars. For example, Jianghuai Tong Yue, its traditional petrol car price is about 60,000 yuan, while the same Yue pure electric vehicle prices up to 150,000. Therefore, to follow the traditional business model of sales, electric cars are difficult to achieve market-oriented. The problems of long charging time and inconvenient charging are also obstacles to the marketization of electric vehicles. It takes about 6-8 hours to recharge a single charge, and if you use a fast charging method, it can cause irreversible adverse effects on the power battery itself. On the other hand, the lag of infrastructure construction and the irrationality of planning make the convenience of charging very important, which leads to the problem of "charging hard" again.

Although technical research is an effective means to solve the above three problems, it is difficult to achieve a huge technological breakthrough in the short term. So we must work on business model innovation. Unlike traditional car business models, new business models will likely include new elements such as car rentals, battery replacements, etc. These elements will help the electric vehicle overcome the existing three challenges from a business model perspective.

The establishment of a network-distributed battery replacement station will effectively alleviate the consumer's dependence on the electric vehicle mileage, thus solving the problem of "low performance". Especially when electric cars are used in cities, battery replacement stations can be found at any time around 5km. The existing automatic power changer can complete the battery replacement within 3 minutes without any participation, which is shorter than the time it takes to refuel.

The establishment of the electric vehicle rental network, in an effective way to solve the "high cost" problem, but also effectively improve the social wealth efficiency. Because of the use of leasing, consumers do not have to bear the high cost of the purchase and long-term use of the money to bring "idle". As a vehicle rental operator, it has more efficient use of vehicles than traditional private ownership. A car can meet the needs of more people at different times. Therefore, the higher purchase cost can be solved by improving the use efficiency of the vehicle by the leasing trader. This is similar to the car-pool model that is popular abroad.

Whether it is a battery replacement station network or an electric vehicle rental network, such a new business model will make "charging difficult" problem solved. For consumers who have daily travel needs, although electric vehicles use a battery for a shorter mileage, it takes less than 3 minutes to replace a fully-charged battery when using a power station network to get a longer mileage. And the relevant research also shows that Beijing passenger car daily travel mileage less than 50km. Therefore, under normal circumstances, consumers can choose to make regular charge at home at night. The battery replacement service can be selected when a longer mileage is required for a particular situation. For consumers who do not have to travel every day, car rentals have become a more appropriate option. In the vicinity of the work place or in the residential area, all have a perfect car rental network. Consumers can completely do not have to consider the problem of charging, directly from the rental point to pick up the car, after the return can be returned.

With the emergence of new business models such as vehicle leasing and battery replacement, the three difficult problems facing the marketization of electric vehicles are "low performance", "High Cost", and "charging hard" can be solved. Especially in the short term, it is very important to solve the problem of the development of electric vehicle through the innovation of business model in the condition that technology can not realize breakthrough progress.