The definition of promoting stock is very broad. For example, if MS, Kwak or even their corporate development guy posted something which put a positive light on the stock and didn't disclose their relationship to ECOS is stock promotion. Even a negative statement intended to drive down a stock which could benefit a company is stock promotion.
The stock promotion point is subtle and law students often don't get it and they pay a lot to be humiliated by people like me.
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